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Simulating Ultrasound Reflections Using Rayleigh Integral Method in Complex Biological Media



Author(s)

Malak Nasser, Walid Hassan, Ali Hage-Diab and Souheil Hakeem

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DOI:10.17265/1934-7391/2013.12.011

This paper exploits the Rayleigh integral method to simulate the propagation of transmitted ultrasonic waves and received echoes through various media. Performed simulations study the effect of apodization using different types of windows and the effect of medium properties on the reflections obtained. All estimations are done using the Rayleigh integral method simplified by the Fresnel approximation. Five different interfaces are considered: tissue-bone-tissue, tissue-fat-bone, fat-muscle-bone, air-fat-bone  and water-fat-bone. The apodization simulations show that the hamming window is more efficient than the rectangular and triangular windows for obtaining a more consistent beam. In the second set of simulations, reflections are mapped with respect to the depth from which these reflections are generated. It demonstrates that the solid and water media allow for the attainment of echoes from deeper regions as compared to the air medium. Matlab is used as the simulation framework.

Ultrasound, reflections, Rayleigh integral, apodization.