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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
The Verbs of Motion “Ba” (come) and “Hevi” (bring) in Dictionaries of Contemporary Hebrew
Author(s)
Pnina Trommer Avi Gvura, Rama Manor
Full-Text PDF
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2015.05.007
Affiliation(s)
Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel Beit Berl College, Kfar-Saba, Israel
ABSTRACT
We focused in this study on two verbs of motion ba (come) and hevi (bring) used in contemporary Hebrew pointing to a number of semantic shifts occurring in each of them and to categorical shifts that occurred in the verb ba. We conducted a semantic and syntactic analysis of these shifts in which we observed: a change in the syntactic valuation of ba and hevi, the semantic characteristic of the nominal collocations which form their syntactic setting, and the semantic connection between their original and new meanings. The article starts out with a presentation of the original meanings of the two verbs as belonging to the family of concrete verbs of motion. It then presents the semantic shifts each undergoing from designating motion to designating giving, existing, and modality (capability, intent and aspect) and concludes with the categorical shift of the verb ba to impersonal (חג"ם) and to discourse marker. It is noteworthy that in each of the shifts observed we noticed relation between the meaning stemming from the shift and the original meaning of ba and hevi as verbs of motion. We were able to prove that the original meaning is still echoed both in the semantic and category categorical shifts.
KEYWORDS
semantic shift, categorical shift, motion verb, syntactic valency, location of goal
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References
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Trommer, P. (1985). Obligatory complements of motion verbs. Balshanut ivrit Hofshit, Journal for Hebrew Descriptive Computational and Applied Linguistics, 23, 55-80.
Trommer, P. (1999). Semantic shifts as a cause of linguistic poverty of the lexicon of Israeli Hebrew. Helkat Lashon, A journal for theoretical and applied linguistics, 27, 20-35.
Trommer, P. (2000). Categorical shifts in Israeli Hebrew—general guidelines for research. Helkat Lashon, A journal for theoretical and applied linguistics, 29-32, 222-242.
Trommer, P. (2003-2004). Exchanged part of speech: A means of expressing sensitivities. Leshonenu La-Am 54, (b-c), 98-105.
Trommer, P. (2004). Noon-Questioning interrogative pronouns. 30 to Ilash—anthology of articles to in honor of Ilash Israel Association of Applied Linguistics, 123-140.
Trommer, P. (2005). Categorical Shifts in adjectives in Israeli Hebrew. In M. Bar-Asher & M. Florentin (Eds.), A study in samaritan, Hebrew and Aramaic presented to Abraham Tal (pp 307-335). Jerusalem: Mosad Biyalik.
Webster, N. (1983). Webster’s new twentieth century dictionary (2nd ed.). New York: Simon and Schuster.
Zinger, M. (1992). Tavi li , ba li (bring me, I feel like). Politics-Israeli Periodical, 46, 27.
Ziv, y. (2001). It’s not at all simple’ discourse markers in colloquial Hebrew. Hebrew Linguistics, 48, 9-17.
Anderson, J. M. (1971). The grammar of case towards a Lokalistic theory of the language. London: Cambridge University Press.
Bible. (1980). Jerusalem: Koren Publishers Jerusalem LTD..
Borochovsky Bar Aba, E. (1996). Verbs indicating a collection of actions. Proceedings from The eleventh and twelfth annual meeting of the Israeli circle of members of the European Linguistic Society (pp. 53-60). Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University.
Borochovsky Bar Aba, E. (2001). The verb–structure, meaning and use. Beer-Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev pres:.
Borochovsky Bar Aba, E. (2003). Semantic shifts and syntactic analysis—A study of motion verbs. 30 to Ilash—anthology of articles to in honor of Ilash Israel Association of Applied Linguistics, 26-42.
Choueka, Y. (1997). Rav-Milim (Long words). Dictionary of Contemporary Hebrew. Israel: Center for Educational Technology.
Even-Shoshan, A. (2010). The New Dictionary. Jerusalem: Kiryat-sefer Ltd..
Fillmor, C. J. (1968). The Case for Case. In H.Bach (Ed.), Universal in Linguistic Theory (pp 1-88).New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Fillmor, C. J. (1971). Types of lexical information. In D. D. Steinberg & L.A. Jakobovits (Eds.), Semantics (pp. 370-392). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fillmore, C. J. (1966). Deictic categoties in the semantics of come. Foundations of Language, 2, 219-227.
Goldberg, A. E. (1995). A construction grammar approach to argument structure. The University of Chicago: Chicago.
She’lot-Teshovot (Question- Answer). (2014). Retrieved from http:// hebrew-academy.huji.ac.il/
Hopper, P. J. (1991). Approaches to grammaticalization 1. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Bengamins Publishing Company.
Hopper, P. J., & Traugott, E. C. (2003). Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics.
Kuzar, R. (1992). Replacement of natan by hevi in colloquial Hebrew. Leshonenu La Am, 43, 103-106.
Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.). Metaphors and thought (2nd ed.). Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.
Livnat, Z. (2011). The rhetorics of a scientific article. Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press.
Livnat, Z. (2012). Achshav now as a discourse marker: Segmentation and evaluation. Helkat Lashon, (43-44), 246-366.
Livnat, Z. (2013). Introduction to the theory of meaning: Semantics and pragmatics. Open University, 2, units 7-10.
Man, Y. (1954). On the use of goading verbs. Leshonenu A special volume, 3-12
Maschler, Y. (2002). The role of discourse markers in the construction of multivocality in Israeli Hebrew talk-in-interaction. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 35, 1-38.
Maschler, Y. (2009). Metalanguage in interaction: Hebrew discourse markers. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Bengamins Publishing Company.
Mishnah. (2008). Shisha Sidre Mishnah (six books of the Mishnah). Israel: Yediot.
Netzer, N. (2007). Hebrew in jeans. Beer-Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
Rodrigue-Schwarzwald, O., & Sokoloff, M. (1992). A Hebrew dictionaty of linguistics and philology. Even-Yehuda: Reches.
Rosen, H. (1997). Ivrit Tova (Good Hebrew). Jrusalem: Kiryat Sepher.
Rosenthal, R. (2006). Dictionary of Israeli sleng. Jeruzalem: Keter Books.
Rubinstein, E. (1975). Categorical shifts of adjectival phrases in colloquial Hebrew. In O. Uzi & F. Ben-Ziion (Eds.), Sefer Rosen (Rosen book) (pp. 100-106). Jeruzalem: Kiriat Sefer.
Rubinstein, E. (1979). Syntactic valuation and semantic valuation. Leshonenu, 43, 3-19.
Rubinstein, E. (1982). Couse by Couse. Balshanut ivrit hofshit.(Hebrew linguistics) Journal for Hebrew Descriptive Computational and Applied Linguistics, 18, 63-68.
Rubinstein, E. (1998). Syntax and semantic: Studies in biblical and modern Hebrew. Tel-aviv: Tel Aviv University.
Shatil, N. (2003-2004). A method of examination the renewal of verbs in spoken Hebrew—The verb halakh. Leshonenu la-Am, 54 (b-c), 120-139.
Shlesinger, Y. (1990). Categorical shifts in functional particles. Hebrew linguistics. A Journal for Hebrew Descriptive Computatuonal and Applied Lunguistics, 28-30, 213-218.
Shlesinger, Y. (2000). Journalistic Hebrew. Beer Sheva: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press.
Sivan, D., & Fruchtman-Agmon, M. (2007). Ariel dictionary. Kiryat-Gat: Kori’m.
Slobin, D. I. (2005). Linguistic Representations of motion events: What is signifier and what is signified? Iconicity Inside Out: Iconicity in Language and Literature, 4, 307-322. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Stern, N. (1994). Dictionary of Hebrew verbs. Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan University Press.
Trommer, P. (1983).The verbs of motion in contemporary Hebrew—Semantic and syntactic study (Ph.D. dissertation, Tel Aviv University).
Trommer, P. (1985). Obligatory complements of motion verbs. Balshanut ivrit Hofshit, Journal for Hebrew Descriptive Computational and Applied Linguistics, 23, 55-80.
Trommer, P. (1999). Semantic shifts as a cause of linguistic poverty of the lexicon of Israeli Hebrew. Helkat Lashon, A journal for theoretical and applied linguistics, 27, 20-35.
Trommer, P. (2000). Categorical shifts in Israeli Hebrew—general guidelines for research. Helkat Lashon, A journal for theoretical and applied linguistics, 29-32, 222-242.
Trommer, P. (2003-2004). Exchanged part of speech: A means of expressing sensitivities. Leshonenu La-Am 54, (b-c), 98-105.
Trommer, P. (2004). Noon-Questioning interrogative pronouns. 30 to Ilash—anthology of articles to in honor of Ilash Israel Association of Applied Linguistics, 123-140.
Trommer, P. (2005). Categorical Shifts in adjectives in Israeli Hebrew. In M. Bar-Asher & M. Florentin (Eds.), A study in samaritan, Hebrew and Aramaic presented to Abraham Tal (pp 307-335). Jerusalem: Mosad Biyalik.
Webster, N. (1983). Webster’s new twentieth century dictionary (2nd ed.). New York: Simon and Schuster.
Zinger, M. (1992). Tavi li , ba li (bring me, I feel like). Politics-Israeli Periodical, 46, 27.
Ziv, y. (2001). It’s not at all simple’ discourse markers in colloquial Hebrew. Hebrew Linguistics, 48, 9-17.