Distribution of Expenditures for Research and Development—Dynamic Analysis Based on Composite Concentration Coefficients

The dynamic analysis of distribution of expenditures for research and development aims to identify concentration tendencies in this domain. The analysis is performed by calculating composite concentration coefficients, as these coefficients allow simultaneous (synthesized) expression of existing concentrations in cases where multiple criteria for expressing concentration exist. In this work, the observation was made on a respectable sample of 52 countries in the period from 1997 to 2021. The following variables are included in the analysis: population, gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita, gross domestic expenditure on research and development absolutely and per capita and human development index. Composite concentration coefficients were derived based on previously calculated concentration coefficients according to the criteria of population size and gross domestic product, gross domestic product per inhabitant and social development index. Calculation of composite concentration coefficients was performed by extrapolation based on standardized regression coefficients from the corresponding regression models. Based on the conducted analysis and obtained results, it can be concluded that a relatively high concentration of gross expenditures for research and development is evident, which has been significantly reduced in the observed time period.

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