 |
[email protected] |
 |
3275638434 |
 |
 |
| Paper Publishing WeChat |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Agnes Alajo1, Benard Yada2, Robert Obadiah Mwanga3, Sam Olal2, Georgina Hakizah2, Samuel Kyamaywa1, Milton Anyanga Otema2 and Settumba. B. Mukasa1
Full-Text PDF
XML 550 Views
DOI:10.17265/2161-6264/2023.02.003
1. Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Science (CAES), Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda
2. National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), Plot 3, Lugard Avenue, P.O. Box 295, Entebbe, Uganda
3. International Potato Centre (CIP), Ntinda II Road, Plot 47, P.O. Box 22274, Kampala, Uganda
Alternaria species cause diseases to more than 380 host plants with the damage causing 60%-100% plant death. This makes it a species of interest for sweetpotato researchers and farmers. However, there is a shortage of information since limited research has been conducted on Alternaria species that causes Alternaria blight of sweetpotato. This study aimed to fill this research gap. A study was carried out on the Alternaria blight disease of sweetpotato. Alternaria bataticola and Alternaria alternata were isolated from the diseased sweetpotato stems, vines, and leaves. From the cultures, Alternaria bataticola was the most frequently isolated species from the infected plants, glaringly higher in frequency than Alternaria Alternaria. Specifically, pathogenicity tests were conducted on six representative isolates tested on three selected varieties in the study. The pathogenicity tests on the susceptible sweetpotato variety using all six fungal isolates showed that only Alternaria bataticola was more aggressive producing symptoms of larger lesions that are dark grey in color, it produces characteristic symptoms of black lesions on the leaf abaxial, nodes, and on the stems. The observation of the characteristic symptom of dark grey lesions with concentric rings on the leaves and re-isolation of the pathogen from infected leaves and stems confirmed that both Alternaria bataticola and Alternaria alternata were responsible for the sweetpotato Alternaria blight disease. Isolates, cultivar (isolate × cultivar) interaction, and experimental effects were obtained.
Pathogenicity, isolate, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria bataticola, cultivar, virulence.
Alajo, A., Yada, B., Mwanga, R. O., Olal, S., Hakizah, G., Kyamaywa, S., Otema, M. A. and Mukasa, S. B., 2023. "Pathogenicity and Virulence of Alternaria Blight Isolates on Three Selected Cultivars of Sweetpotato in Uganda" Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B 13 (2023): 46-56.
[1] Clark, C. A., Holmes, G. J., and Ferrin, D. M. 2009. “Major Fungal and Bacterial Diseases.” In The Sweetpotato. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 81-103.
[2] Lawrence, D. P., Gannibal, P. B., Peever, T. L., and Pryor, B. M. 2013. “The Sections of Alternaria: Formalizing Species-Group Concepts.” Mycologia 105 (3): 530-46.
[3] Osiru, M. O., Adipala, E. K. W. A. M. U., Olanya, O. M., Kelly, P., Lemaga, B. E. R. G. A., and Kapinga, R. E. G. I. N. A. 2008. “Leaf Petiole and Stem Blight Disease of Sweet Potato Caused by Alternaria bataticola in Uganda.” Plant Pathology Journal 7 (1): 118-9.
[4] Zhang, K., Yuan-Ying, S., and Cai, L. 2013. “An Optimized Protocol of Single Spore Isolation for Fungi.” Cryptogamie, Mycologie 34 (4): 349-56.
[5] Sseruwu, G., Shanahan, P., Melis, R., and Ssemakula, G. 2016. “Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Alternaria Leaf Petiole and Stem Blight of Sweetpotato in Uganda.” Euphytica 210: 393-404.
[6] S Sseruwu, G., Nanyanzi, M., Kituuka, G., Alajo, A., & Benywanira, I. (2020). “Evaluation and Participatory Selection of Promising Sweetpotato F1 Genotypes in Uganda.” International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 5 (4).
[7] Chaerani, R., and Voorrips, R. E. 2006. “Tomato Early Blight (Alternaria solani): The Pathogen, Genetics, and Breeding for Resistance.” Journal of General Plant Pathology 72: 335-47.
[8] Sofi, T. A., Beig, M. A., Dar, G. H., Ahmad, M., Hamid, A., Ahangar, F. A., ... and Shah, M. D. 2013. “Cultural, Morphological, Pathogenic, and Molecular Characterization of Alternaria mali Associated with Alternaria Leaf Blotch of Apple.” African Journal of Biotechnology 12 (4): 45.
[9] Rukarwa, R. J., Mashingaidze, A. B., Kyamanywa, S., and Mukasa, S. B. 2010. “Detection and Elimination of Sweetpotato Viruses.” African Crop Science Journal 18 (4): 223-33.
[10] Narayanin, C. D., Thompson, A. H., and Slabbert, M. M. 2010. “Greenhouse Screening of South African Sweet Potato Cultivars and Breeding Lines for Tolerance to Alternaria Blight Caused by Alternaria bataticola.” African Plant Protection 16 (1): 10-3.
[11] Prado, M. R., Brito, É. H., Brilhante, R. S., Cordeiro, R. A., Leite, J. J., Sidrim, J. J., and Rocha, M. F. 2008. “Subculture on Potato Dextrose Agar as a Complement to the Broth Microdilution Assay for Malassezia pachydermatis.” Journal of Microbiological Methods 75 (2): 341-3.
[12] Woudenberg, J. H. C., Seidl, M. F., Groenewald, J. Z., De Vries, M., Stielow, J. B., Thomma, B. P. H. J., and Crous, P. W. 2015. “Alternaria Section Alternaria: Species, Formae Speciales or Pathotypes?” Studies in Mycology 82 (1): 1-21.
[13] Loebenstein, G., Thottappilly, G., Fuentes, S., and Cohen, J. 2009. “Virus and Phytoplasma Diseases.” In The Sweetpotato. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 105-34.
[14] Walters, D., Walsh, D., Newton, A., and Lyon, G. 2005. “Induced Resistance for Plant Disease Control: Maximizing the Efficacy of Resistance Elicitors.” Phytopathology 95 (12): 1368-73.
[15] Chalwe, J., Adebola, P., and Pillay, M. 2017. “Assessing the Genetic Diversity of Alternaria bataticola in South Africa Using Molecular Markers.” Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 5 (2): 280-90.
[16] Selvamani, R., Pandian, R. T. P., and Sharma, P. R. A. T. I. B. H. A. 2014. “Role of Weather on Alternaria Leaf Spot Development in Crucifers.” Indian Phytopath 67 (3): 285-90.
[17] Mathpal, P., Punetha, H., Tewari, A. K., and Agrawal, S. 2016. “Biochemical Defense Mechanism in Rapeseed-Mustard Genotypes against Alternaria Blight Disease.” Journal of Oilseed Brassica 1 (2): 87-94.
[18] Matumwabirhi, K. 2019. “Effectiveness of Bio-Control Agents in the Management of Early Blight of Tomatoes.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi.
[19] Alizadeh-Moghaddam, G., Nasr-Esfahani, M., Rezayatmand, Z., and Khozaei, M. 2022. “Genomic Markers Analysis Associated with Resistance to Alternaria alternata (fr.) Keissler—Tomato Pathotype, Solanum lycopersicum L.” Breeding Science 72 (4): 285-96.
[20] Kim, Y. C., Kim, J. U., Lee, J. W., Hong, C. E., Bang, K. H., Kim, D. H., ... and Jo, I. H. 2017. “‘Kowon’: A New Korean Ginseng Cultivars with High Yield and Alternaria Blight Resistance.” Horticultural Science and Technology 35 (4): 499-509.
[21] Taj, G., Meena, P. D., Giri, P., Pandey, D., Kumar, A., and Kumar, A. 2016. “Pathogenesis Mechanisms Employed by Alternaria Species.” Journal of Oilseed Brassica 1 (1): 213-40.
[22] Yada, B., Tukamuhabwa, P., Alajo, A., and Mwanga, R. O. M. 2011. “Field Evaluation of Ugandan Sweet Potato Germplasm for Yield, Dry Matter and Disease Resistance.” South African Journal of Plant and Soil 28 (2): 142-6.
[23] De Oliveira Lino, L. 2016. “Study of the Genetic Variability of Peach in Susceptibility to Brown Rot during Fruit Development in Relation with Changes in Physical and Biochemical Characteristics of the Fruit.” PhD thesis, Universitéd Avignon. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01635960.
[24] Nutter, F. F. 2007. “The Role of Plant Disease Epidemiology in Developing Successful Integrated Disease Management Programs.” In General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 45-79.
[25] Ciancio, A., and Mukerji, K. G. 2007. General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management (No. 04; SB611. 5, G4.). New York, NY: Springer.
[26] Saharan, G. S., Mehta, N. K., Meena, P. D., Saharan, G. S., Mehta, N. K., and Meena, P. D. 2021. “Molecular Mechanisms of Disease Resistance.” In Molecular Mechanism of Crucifer’s Host-Resistance. Singapore: Springer, pp. 1-75.