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Reforms in the Field of Education During the Period of Sultan Abdulhamid II and Intended Youth/Human Typology to be Trained (The Last Period in the Ottoman Empire)



Author(s)

Çelebi Nurhayat, Asan H. Tezer

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DOI:10.17265/2161-6248/2015.03.003

Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
Autistic Children Education Center, Antalya, Turkey

The current study focuses on the educational environment which occurred in the period of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909), and pioneered and established the background for the Republican period, the desired type of individuals to be raised, and the knowledge-power relations having an effect there upon. This study is based on document review on the basis of the qualitative research method. The period of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909) is marked with its unique features in the Ottoman Empire, undergoing a progressive weakening particularly following the expansion of nation-state concept invented by the French Revolution and military failures. The study analyzes the reflections of determinant knowledge-power relations of the period in question over education and examines the social changes. While performing this, the study also discusses ideas, political developments, youth-led movements, and domestic and international political structure of the state, contributing to the mentioned period and the reflections on social life. The findings of the study reveal that the educational paradigms of the Abdulhamid II period and the human training principle were effected and supported by ideas created nationally and internationally as well as political and social movements. The fact that neo-nationalist/nationalist paradigms marking the period, improved and rooted step by step towards the republic as from the period of the late Ottoman Empire and became the driving force to shape the educational understandings, is justified.

the period of Abdulhamid II, knowledge-power, surveillance (panopticon), late Ottoman savings, paramilitary education