 |
[email protected] |
 |
3275638434 |
 |
 |
| Paper Publishing WeChat |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
The Development of a Smart Mobile App for Building Façade Defects Inspections
Andrew Agapiou1, Kirsty Adair2, Dominik Meyer2, Ewan Skene2, Michael Smith2 and Nikolay Valkov2
Full-Text PDF
XML 1403 Views
DOI:10.17265/1934-7359/2022.03.004
1. Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, 3rd floor, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
2. Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH, UK
The manual visual inspections of façade building defects are posing a high and increasing cost for building asset managers, particularly when inspections delay projects or require asset outages, visits to decommissioned sites or work within hazardous environments. This paper reports on the development, testing and delivery of a working mobile app prototype to facilitate the inspections and documentation of building facade condition monitoring. The work presented builds upon the development of an online platform for remote building inspection based on the integration of methodologies and tools, including VR (virtual reality), and digital photogrammetry to collect real-time data that support automated decision making. The mobile app: (i) allows the user to import 3D models and 2D building plans; (ii) provides the means of first-person exploration of models via a VR headset; and (iii) captures, records and catalogues images of façade defect types, and the date and time. An inspection case study was used to demonstrate and evaluate the mobile app prototype. The Building Inspector app allows building professionals to manage inspections and to track past and ongoing monitoring of the condition of building façades.
Artificial intelligence, building defects inspection, façade, mobile application.
[1] Rahimian, F. P., Arciszewski, T., and Goulding, J. S. 2014. “Successful Education for AEC Professionals: Case Study of Applying Immersive Game-Like Virtual Reality Interfaces.” Visualization in Engineering 2 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/2213- 7459-2-4.
[2] Huang, T., Kong, C. W., Guo, H. L., Baldwin, A., and Li, H. 2007. “A Virtual Prototyping System for Simulating Construction Processes.” Automation in Construction 16 (5): 1-21. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2006.09.007.
[3] Li, H., Huang, T., Kong, C. W., Guo, H. L., Baldwin, A., Chan, N., and Wong, J. 2008. “Integrating Design and Construction through Virtual Prototyping.” Automation in Construction 17 (8): 915-22. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2008.02.016.
[4] Retik, A., Mair, G., Fryer, R., and McGregor, D. 2006. “Integrating Virtual Reality and Telepresence to Remotely Monitor Construction Sites: A ViRTUE Project.” In Artificial Intelligence in Structural Engineering. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, edited by Smith. New York: Springer, pp. 459-63. doi:10.1007/bfb0030474.
[5] Behzadan, A. H., and Kamat, V. R. 2007. “Georeferenced Registration of Construction Graphics in Mobile Outdoor Augmented Reality.” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 21 (4): 247-58. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2007)21:4(247).
[6] Wang, X. 2007. “Using Augmented Reality to Plan Virtual Construction Worksite.” International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 4 (4): 501-12. doi:10.5772/5677.
[7] Schall, G., Mendez, E., Kruijff, E., Veas, E., Junghanns, S., Reitinger, B., and Schmalstieg, D. 2009. “Handheld Augmented Reality for Underground Infrastructure Visualization.” Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 13 (4): 281-91. doi:10.1007/s00779-008-0204-5.
[8] Golparvar-Fard, M., Pen˜a-Mora, F., Arboleda, C. A., and Lee, S. 2009. “Visualization of Construction Progress Monitoring with 4D Simulation Model Overlaid on Time-Lapsed Photographs.” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 23: 391-404. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2009)23:6(391).
[9] Hammad, A. 2009. “Distributed Augmented Reality for Visualising Collaborative Construction Tasks.” Mixed Reality in Architecture, Design and Construction 23: 171-83. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9088-211.
[10] Kopsida, M., and Brilakis, I. 2016. “BIM Registration Methods for Mobile Augmented Reality-Based Inspection.” In eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction; Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Product and Process Modelling, ECPPM 2016. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 201-8.
[11] Ratajczak, J., Schweigkofler, A., Riedl, M., and Matt, D. T. 2019. “Augmented Reality Combined with Location-Based Management System to Improve the Construction Process, Quality Control and Information Flow.” In Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering. New York: Springer, pp. 289-96. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00220-6. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-00220-6.
[12] Garcıa-Pereira, I., Portal´es, C., Gimeno, J., and Casas, S. 2020. “A Collaborative Augmented Reality Annotation Tool for the Inspection of Prefabricated Buildings.” Multimedia Tools and Applications 79 (9-10): 6483-501. doi:10.1007/s11042-019-08419-x.
[13] Kwon, O. S., Park, C. S., and Lim, C. R. 2014. “A Defect Management System for Reinforced Concrete Work Utilizing BIM, Image-Matching and Augmented Reality.” Automation in Construction 46: 74-81. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2014.05.005.
[14] De Brito FloresColen, J., and de Freitas, V. P. 2008. “Stains in Facades’ Rendering—Diagnosis and Maintenance Techniques Classification.” Construction and Building Materials 22 (3): 211-21. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061806002728.
[15] Lu, Q., and Lee, S. 2017. “Image-Based Technologies for Constructing AsIs Building Information Models for Existing Buildings.” Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 31 (4): 04017005. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CP.19435487.0000652.
[16] Rakha, T., and Gorodetsky, A. 2018. “Review of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Applications in the Built Environment: Towards Automated Building Inspection Procedures Using Drones.” Automation in Construction 93: 252-64. https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0926580518300165.
[17] Tang, P., Huber, D., Akinci, B., Lipman, R., and Lytle, A. 2010. “Automatic Reconstruction of AsBuilt Building Information Models from Laser Scanned Point Clouds: A Review of Related Techniques.” Automation in Construction 19 (7): 829-43. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926580510000907.
[18] Unity. 2020. Unity User Manual 2020.3 (lts). https://docs.unity3d.com/ Manual/index.html.
[19] Shore, J., and Warden, S. 2021. “How to Be Agile.” In The Art of Agile Development. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc., pp. 9-13.
[20] SASS, Documentation. https://sasslang.com/documenta tion.
[21] Getting Started. https://pugjs.org/api/gettingstarted.html.
[22] Unity. 2022. “Compare Unity Plans: Pro vs. Plus vs. Free. Choose the Best 2d-3d Engine for Your Project!” https:/store.unity.com/compare plans.
[23] Manzur, A., and Marques, G. 2018. Godot Engine Game Development in 24 Hours: The Official Guide to Godot 3.0. London: Pearson Education, Inc.
[24] Saether, E. H. 2021. “Three-Way Semantic Merge for Feature Model Evolution Plans.” https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/87067.
[25] About the Helix Core Command Line (p4) Reference. https://www.perforce.com/manuals/cmdref/Content/CmdRef/Homecmdref.html.
[26] Gitpull documentation. https://gitscm.com/docs/gitpull.
[27] Oculus Integration: Integration. https://assetstore.unity. com/packages/tools/integration/oculusintegration82022.
[28] Chattha, U. A., Janjua, U. I., Anwar, F., Madni, T. M., Cheema, M. F., and Janjua, S. I. 2020. “Motion Sickness in Virtual Reality: An Empirical Evaluation.” IEEE Access 8: 130486-99. doi:10. 1109/ACCESS.2020.3007076.
[29] Borrell, A. 2022. Unity’s UI system in VR. https://developer.oculus.com/blog/unitysuisysteminvr/?locale=en_GB.
[30] Frohlich, D. M., Lim, C. S. C., and Ahmed, A. 2014. “Keep, Lose, Change: Prompts for the Redesign of Product Concepts in a Focus Group Setting.” CoDesign 10 (2): 80-95. doi:10.1080/15710882.2013.862280. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2013.862280.
[31] Hoehle, H., and Venkatesh, V. 2015. “Mobile Application Usability: Conceptualization and Instrument Development.” MIS Quarterly 39 (2): 435-72. ISSN: 02767783, 21629730. Accessed on April 4, 2022. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26628361.