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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
CUI Yan
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2013.05.005
Affiliation(s)
Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
ABSTRACT
As the most powerful nation in the world, the U.S. presidential election campaign drew a lot of attention from the media around the world. This study examines how party-orientation and market-orientation newspapers in China presented 2008 U.S. presidential election campaign to their audience, and how the news serve for the reproduction of domestic dominated ideology and safeguarding domestic political needs. It adopted content analysis and textual analysis as research methods. The results show that Party newspaper tends to serve domestic political ideology, while market-oriented newspapers showed mixed attitude toward political demand. Although market newspapers, out of the concern of political safety, employed some tactic to comply with the demand of dominated ideology to some extent, their cooperation was limited since their main purpose was commercial success and their presentation even destroy the aim of linkage politics for the reasons include acquiring market profit and/or pursuit of professional value. This study is a positive effort to make up the current research gap of studies on international news in Chinese media.
KEYWORDS
linkage politics, presidential election campaign, Chinese newspapers
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References
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Stromback, J., & van Aelst, P. (2010). Exploring some antecedents of the media’s framing of election news: A comparison of Swedish and Belgian election news. International Journal of Press/Politics, 15(1), 41-59.
Thorén, S. (1971). An American election campaign in Swedish metropolitan dailies. International Communication Gazette, (17), 197-215.
WANG, S. (1992). Factors influencing cross-national news treatment of a critical national event. Gazette, 49(3), 193-214.
Wang, T. L., Chow, R., & Lo, V.-H. (2010). The tabloidization phenomena in international news in Taiwan television stations. Communication & Society, 13, 75-108.
Wanta, W. (1997). The public and the national agenda: How people learn about important issues. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erblbaum.
YANG, J. (2003). Framing the NATO air strikes on Kosovo across countries: Comparison of Chinese and U.S. newspaper coverage. Gazette, 65(3), 231-249.
YIN, J. (2007). The clash of rights: A critical analysis of news discourse on human rights in the United States and China. Critical Discourse Studies, 4(1), 75-94.
YU, X. (1994). Professionalization without guarantees: Changes of the Chinese press in post-1989 years. International Communication Gazette, 53(1), 23-41.
ZHAO, B. (1999). Mouthpiece or money-spinner? The double life of Chinese television in the late 1990s. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 2(3), 291-305.
ZHAO, Y. Z. (1998). Media, market, and democracy in China: Between the party line and the bottom line. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
ZHOU, B. H. (2010). Linkage politics in Chinese TV foreign news: A study of Xinwen Lianbo of CCTV. Communication & Society, 13, 37-74.
ZHOU, X. (2008). Cultural dimensions and framing the internet in China: A cross-cultural study of newspapers’ coverage in Hong Kong, Singapore, the US and the UK. International Communication Gazette, 70(2), 117-136.
Chan, J. M. (1993). Commercialization without independence: Media development in China (pp. 1-19). In J. CHENG & M. Brosseau (Eds.), China review. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
Chiang, W., & Duann, R. (2007). Conceptual metaphors for SARS: “War” between whom?. Discourse & Society, 18(5), 579-602.
Chyi, H. I., & McCombs, M. (2004). Media salience and the process of framing: Coverage of the Columbine school shooting. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 22-35.
Cohen, A. A., Levy, M. R., Roeh, I., & Gurevitch, M. (Eds.). (1996). Global newsrooms, local audiences: A study of the Eurovision news exchange. London: J. Libbey.
de Vreese, C. H. (2003). Framing Europe: Television news and European integration. Amsterdam: Aksant.
Entman, R. M. (1991). Framing US coverage of international news: Contrasts in the narratives of the KAL and Iran air incidents. Journal of Communication, 41(4), 6-27.
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(2), 51-58.
Entman, R. M. (2004). Projections of power: Framing news, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Fahmy, S., & Kim, D. (2008). Picturing the Iraq war: Constructing the image of war in the British and US press. Gazette, 70, 443-462.
FANG, Y. J. (2001). Reporting the same events? A critical analysis of Chinese print news media texts. Discourse and Society, 12(5), 585-613.
Gans, H. (1979). Deciding what’s news. New York: Random House.
Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching. Berkeley, C.A.: The University of California Press.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard University Press.
Gordon, J. C., Deines, T., & Havice, J. (2010). Global warming coverage in the media: Trends in a Mexico city newspaper. Science Communication, 32(2), 143-170.
Haskins, J. B. (1966). Headline-and-lead scanning vs. whole-item reading in newspaper content analysis. Journalism Quarterly, 43(2), 333-335.
HUANG, C. J. (2007). Trace the stones in crossing the river: Media structural changes in post-WTO China. International Communication Gazette, 69(5), 413-430.
Hung, C. L., LIAO, Y. C., & LIN, F. R. (2008). The domestication and tabloidization of international news: How Taiwan’s newspapers cover the WTO meeting in Hong Kong. Chinese Communication Study, 10, 4-42.
Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. R. (1987). News that matters. Chicago, I.L.: University of Chicago Press.
Jamieson, K. H., & Cappella, J. N. (1997). Setting the record straight: Do ad watches help or hurt?. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 2(1), 13-22.
Kuhn, T. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lee, C. C., Chan, J. M., Pan, Z. D., & So, C. (2000). National prisms of a global media event. In J. Curran & M. Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass media and society (pp. 295-309). London: Arnold.
Leung, C. C. M., & HUANG, Y. (2007). The paradox of journalistic representation of the other: The case of SARS coverage on China and Vietnam by western-led English-language media in five countries. Journalism, 8(6), 675-697.
LIU, H. B. (2008, November 6). U.S. presidential election as a political blockbuster. Southern Metropolitan Daily, p. A31.
Lynch, D. (1999) After the propaganda state: Media, politics, and “Thought Work” in reformed China. Stanford, C.A.: Stanford University Press.
McQuail, D. (1992). Media performance: Mass communication and the public interest. Newbury Park, C.A.: Sage.
Oates, S., & Roselle, L. (2000). Russian elections and TV news: Comparison of campaign news on state-controlled and commercial television channels. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 5(2), 30-51.
Pan, Z. D., & Chan, J. M. (2003). Shifting journalistic paradigms: How China’s journalists assess “Media Exemplars”. Communication Research, 30(6), 649-682.
Pan, Z. D., Lee, C. C., Chan, J. M., & So, C. Y. K. (1999). One event, three stories. Gazette, 61(2), 99-112.
Patterson, T. E. (1980). The mass media election: How Americans choose their president. New York: Praeger.
Patterson, T. E. (2000). The United States: News in a free-market society. In R. Gunther & A. Mughan (Eds.), Democracy and the media: A comparative perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
PENG, Z. (2008). Framing the anti-war protests in the global village: A comparative study of newspaper coverage in three countries. International Communication Gazette, 70(5), 361-377.
Reese, S., & Buckaley, B. (1995). The militarism of local television: The routine framing of the Persian Gulf War. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 12, 103-112.
Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1991). Mediating the message: Theories of influence on mass media content. New York: Longman.
Sniderman, P. M., Brody, R., & Tetlock, P. (1991). Reasoning and choices: Explorations in political psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Stromback, J., & Dimitrova, D. V. (2006). Political and media systems matter: A comparison of election news coverage in Sweden and the United States. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(4), 131-147.
Stromback, J., & Kaid, L. L. (Eds.). (2008). The handbook of election news coverage around the world. New York: Routledge.
Stromback, J., & Luengo, Ó. G. (2008). Polarized pluralist and democratic corporatist models: A comparison of election news coverage in Spain and Sweden. International Communication Gazette, (6), 547-562.
Stromback, J., & van Aelst, P. (2010). Exploring some antecedents of the media’s framing of election news: A comparison of Swedish and Belgian election news. International Journal of Press/Politics, 15(1), 41-59.
Thorén, S. (1971). An American election campaign in Swedish metropolitan dailies. International Communication Gazette, (17), 197-215.
WANG, S. (1992). Factors influencing cross-national news treatment of a critical national event. Gazette, 49(3), 193-214.
Wang, T. L., Chow, R., & Lo, V.-H. (2010). The tabloidization phenomena in international news in Taiwan television stations. Communication & Society, 13, 75-108.
Wanta, W. (1997). The public and the national agenda: How people learn about important issues. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erblbaum.
YANG, J. (2003). Framing the NATO air strikes on Kosovo across countries: Comparison of Chinese and U.S. newspaper coverage. Gazette, 65(3), 231-249.
YIN, J. (2007). The clash of rights: A critical analysis of news discourse on human rights in the United States and China. Critical Discourse Studies, 4(1), 75-94.
YU, X. (1994). Professionalization without guarantees: Changes of the Chinese press in post-1989 years. International Communication Gazette, 53(1), 23-41.
ZHAO, B. (1999). Mouthpiece or money-spinner? The double life of Chinese television in the late 1990s. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 2(3), 291-305.
ZHAO, Y. Z. (1998). Media, market, and democracy in China: Between the party line and the bottom line. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
ZHOU, B. H. (2010). Linkage politics in Chinese TV foreign news: A study of Xinwen Lianbo of CCTV. Communication & Society, 13, 37-74.
ZHOU, X. (2008). Cultural dimensions and framing the internet in China: A cross-cultural study of newspapers’ coverage in Hong Kong, Singapore, the US and the UK. International Communication Gazette, 70(2), 117-136.