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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
The Introduction of Biofuels in Marine Sector
Author(s)
Theodora Tyrovola1, George Dodos1, Stamatis Kalligeros1, 2 and Fanourios Zannikos1
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DOI:10.17265/2162-5298/2017.08.006
Affiliation(s)
1. Laboratory of Fuels and Lubricants, Chemical Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografos, Athens 157 80, Greece
2. Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Athens 185 39, Greece
ABSTRACT
Sulphur and emissions related limits which are
imposed on marine fuels drive the maritime industry to look on alternative fuels.
The maximum sulphur content
of the fuel has already decreased in the ECAs SOx (Sulphur Emission Control
Areas) from 1.5% to 1% from 1 July, 2010, and to 0.1% from 1 January, 2015. Globally, the highest
permitted sulphur content of fuel will be reduced, as from 1 January, 2020 to 0.5%. Increasing
demand of low sulphur fuel is anticipated, leading to a substantial mitigation of
marine fuels from residual to distillate ones. Biodiesel or else FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) and mixtures of it with
conventional petroleum fuels, constitute alternative energy source for the maritime
industry. The International Standard EN (European Norme) ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 8217 specifies the requirements
of petroleum fuels for use in marine diesel engines. According to the previous version
of EN ISO 8217:2012, distillate fuels should
comply with the “de minimis level” of approximately 0.1% v/v FAME. Nevertheless,
with the latest revision of EN ISO 8217 standard in 2017, the incorporation of FAME
up to 7% v/v is allowed in specific marine distillate grades as DF (Distillate FAME) grades.
Marine distillates can also include hydrocarbons from synthetic or renewable sources,
similar to the composition of petroleum distillate fuels.
KEYWORDS
Alternative fuels, marine fuel, distillate fuel, ECAs (Emission Control Areas), DF (Distillate FAME) grades.
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