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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Norman Arthur Fischer
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2018.01.001
Kent State University (Retired), Kent, Ohio, USA
Rudyard Kipling’s Jungle Books depict empathy in the animal and animal-human world, and the illustrations of Rudyard’s father, John Lockwood Kipling, and the American artist and prolific illustrator, Aldren Watson, help depict that empathy. Lockwood Kipling was both influence on and interpreter of the Jungle Books, as shown above all in the development from his Beast and Man in India of 1891 through his illustrations for the 1894 Jungle Book, and 1895 Second Jungle Book, to his illustrations that appear in the rearranged stories of The Jungle Book, and Second Jungle Book in the 1897 Scribners Outward Bound (O/B) editions. A variation on Lockwood’s O/B mode of Jungle Books illustrations is found in Watson’s illustrations for the 1948 Doubleday edition, Jungle Books, which is the title I will use throughout.1
Part One details the influence of two animal empathy writers, Lockwood Kipling and Ernest Thompson Seton, on the Jungle Books. Part Two uses recent philosophical studies of empathy in the animal and human relationship. Part Three applies a German philosophy of art history to the new look of the O/B and Doubleday Jungle Books. Part Four interprets selected Jungle Books stories in the light of Parts one, two and three.
Jungle Books, Rudyard Kipling, John Lockwood Kipling, Arne Naess, Ernest Thompson Seton, Aldren Watson, Wilhelm Worringer, empathy for animals, expressionism
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