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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Three-Dimensional Morphodynamic Modelling of Tigris River in Baghdad
Author(s)
Ammar A. Ali1, 2, Nadhir A. Al-Ansari1, Qusay Al-Suhail3, Sven Knutsson1
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DOI:10.17265/1934-7359/2017.06.005
Affiliation(s)
1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden;
2. College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10001, Iraq;
3. College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
ABSTRACT
Bathymetric and land surveys were conducted for the northern Tigris
River reach (18 km length) in Baghdad, producing 180 cross sections. A river
bed topography map was constructed from these cross sections. The velocity
profiles and the water discharges were measured using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) at 16 cross sections, where intensive number of sediment samples was
collected to determine riverbed characteristics and sediment transport rate.
The three-dimensional morphodynamic model (SSIIM (simulation of sediment movements in water intakes with multiblock option)) was used to simulate the
velocity field and the water surface profile along the river reach. The model
was calibrated for the water levels, the velocity profiles and the sediment
concentration profiles using different combinations of parameters and
algorithms. The calibration and the validation results showed good agreement
with field measurements, and the model was used to predict the future changes
in river hydro-morphology for a period of 14 months. The results of the future
predictions showed the Tigris River which behaved like an under-fit river, increases in
depositions on the shallow part of the cross section having lower velocity, and the river
deepens the incised route to fit its current hydrologic condition leaving the
former wide section as a floodplain for the newer river. The net
deposition/erosion rate was 67.44 kg/s in average and the total deposition
quantity was 2.12 million ton annually. An expansion in the size of current
islands was predicted. An indication of the potential threats of the river
banks’ collapse and the bridge piers’ instability was given by high erosion
along the thalweg line.
KEYWORDS
3D modeling, SSIIM, bed changes, sediment transport, ADCP velocity measurements, sand bed, under-fit river, Tigris River.
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