Paper Status Tracking
Contact us
customer@davidpublishing.com
Click here to send a message to me 3275638434
Paper Publishing WeChat

Article
Affiliation(s)

West University of Timisora, Timisora, Romania

ABSTRACT

In recent years, there is an increase in the number of Arab women reaching principal position. This increase is a result of various reasons, among which stands out the wish of Arab women in Israel to challenge traditional values and improve their social status. This study examines strategies used by them to deal with the pressure and workload associated with the principal’s role, and cope with unique social and cultural values of the traditional Arab society regarding gender role division. This study used qualitative method based on personal interviews conducted with 10 Arab female principals from diverse backgrounds. The Arab female principals developed certain strategies enabling them to cope with the difficulties of the role which are mostly work overload and pressure, along with the need to overcome traditional social conventions by adopting modern life pattern of new role division within the family, more balance and support, alongside equal division between work and home, good communication, and right time management. The main conclusion is that female Arab principals must cope with higher load due to fact that they live in a traditional society expecting the women to keep house along with the vast workload of principal’s role today.

KEYWORDS

principal, school management, education, women, Arab society

Cite this paper

Journal of US-China Public Administration, February 2017, Vol. 14, No. 2, 100-113

References

Abu-Asbah, K. (2007). The Arab education in Israel: Dilemmas of a national minority. Jerusalem: Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies.

Ali, N., & Gordoni, G. (2009). Ideology of task and authority division in the Palestinian family in Israel: Gender inequality or trends of equality? In F. Azaiza, K. Abu-Baker, R. Hertz-Lazarowitz, and A. Ghanem (Eds.), Arab women in Israel: Status quo and a view to the future. Tel-Aviv: Ramot Press.

Arar, K., & Abu-Asbah, K. (2007). Education and employment—An opportunity to change the status of Arab women in Israel. In K. Arar and K. Haj-Yihye (Eds.), Academics and higher education among Arabs in Israel: Issues and dilemmas. Tel-Aviv: Ramot Press.

Arar, K., & Abu-Asbah, K. (2010). Arab women’s entrepreneurship in the triangle region of Israel: Characteristics, needs and difficulties. Social Issues in Israel, 9, 91-123.

Arar, K., & Abu-Asbah, K. (2013). Hindrance factors in the activities of educational departments of the Arab local municipalities. Iyunim Be-Minhal Ve-Irgun Ha-Hinukh, 33, 131-162.

Arar, K., & Mustafa, M. (2009). Higher education and employment among Arab women: Barriers and changes. In F. Azaiza, K. Abu-Baker, R. Hertz-Lazarowitz, and A. Ghanem (Eds.), Arab women in Israel: Status quo and a view to the future (pp. 259-284). Tel Aviv: Ramot Press.

Arar, K., & Oplatka, I. (2013). The mode in which Jewish and Arab teachers perceive the masculinity of the principal: Social and cultural aspect of the principal-teacher relation. Iyunim Be-Hinukh, 7(8), 140-160.

Arar, K., & Shapira, T. (2011). The growing of Nadra & Samira, two high school principals in a traditional society. Iyunim Be-Minhal Ve-Irgun Ha-Hinukh, 32, 75-96.

Arar, K., Masary-Harzalla, A., & Haj-Yihye, K. (2013). They wanted me to hover around their eyes. Palestinian students acquiring high education in Israel and Jordan, temporary or permanent immigration. Iyunim Be-Hinukh, 7(8), 161-185.

Blas, N., Givoli, S., Heiman, P., & Ofarim, Y. (2012). School principals in the light of the data situation picture and future trends. Jerusalem: Avney Rosha Inst.

Chase, S. E. (2005). Narrative inquiry: Multiple lenses, approaches, voices. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.) (pp. 651-679). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd.

Coleman, M. (2005). Gender and headship in the twenty-first century. Project report. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/ download/pdf/83249.pdf

Coleman, M. (2012). Leadership and diversity. In J. Robertson and H. Timperley (Eds.), Leadership and learning (pp. 172-185). London: Sage.

Gilat, A., & Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. (2009). Religious and non-religious Muslim women experience of empowerment in the private sphere (marriage/parenthood/family). In F. Azaiza, K. Abu-Baker, R. Hertz-Lazarowitz, and A. Ghanem (Eds.), Arab women in Israel: Status quo and a view to the future (pp. 211-236). Tel Aviv: Ramot Press.

Idilowitz, I. (2001). On the possibility of realizing self-realization. Achva College, 7, pp. 119-141.

Kats, Y., Fiorko, Y., Lis, R., Dor-Hayim, P., Kone, D., Oppenheimer, B., & Master-Barak, M. (2009). Male and female principals in Israel, a situation picture following a survey conducted among principals and a serial of interviews. Jerusalem: Avney Rosha Inst.

Khattab, N., & Ibrahim, J. (2006). Why are there so few Palestinian women in principalship positions? In I. Oplatka and R. Hertz-Lazarowitz (Eds.), Women principals in a multicultural society: New insights into feminist educational leadership (pp. 71-88). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers.

Kozaminsky, L. (2008). Professional identity in teaching. Shvele Mahkar, 15, 15-19.

Lumby, J., & Azaola, M. C. (2014). Women principals in South Africa: Gender, mothering and leadership. British Educational Research Journal, 40(1), 30-44.

Mazawi, A. E. (2002). The Arab education in Israel: Gender, power, teaching and the school as a social field. In M. Zellermeyer and P. Peri (Eds.), Women teachers in Israel: A feminist perspective (pp. 240-252). Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Press.

Newton, R. M., & Witherspoon, N. (2007). Recruiting teachers, principals and superintendents: A job choice theory perspective. Journal of Scholarship and Practice, 3(4), 37-41.

Oplatka, I. (2007). The foundations of educational management—Leadership and management in educational organization. Haifa: Pardes Publication.

Oplatka, I. (2012). School management: From training to retirement. Haifa: Pardes Publication.

Oplatka, I., & Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. (2011). Women leadership in educational organizations: The uniqueness of Israel in the international context. Iyunim Be-Minhal Ve-Irgun Ha-Hinukh, 32, 51-73.

Oshrat, Y. (2005). Entering the role, the four Ms. Journal for Advancement of Leadership, Professionalism and Excellence, the Ministry of Education Culture and Sport, the Pedagogic Administration, Jerusalem.

Rodgers, C. R., & Scott, K. H. (2008). The development of the personal self and professional identity in learning to teach. In M. Cochran-Smith, S. Feiman-Nemser, D. J. McIntyre, and K. E. Demers (Eds.), Handbook of research on teacher education: Enduring questions in changing contexts (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group/Association of Teacher Educators.

Rudnitzky, A. (2015). Arab citizens of Israel early in the twenty-first century. Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security Studies (INSS).

Sa’ar, A. (2011). Palestinian-Israeli women’s employment: The mystery of their absence and the way to their integration into the formal labor force. Research Report on the Atida Project for Economic Empowerment. Department of Sociology, Haifa University, Haifa.

Sandberg, S. (2013). Lean in: Women, work, and the will to lead. New York, NY: Random House.

Shapira, T. (2006). Blocking and empowerment in the educational space and the public space: Women in the Arab educational systems in Israel. PhD thesis, Educational Faculty, Haifa University.

Shapira, T., & Arar, K. (2015). Life stories of Arab female principals in Israel: A social cultural political and professional look. Haifa: Pardes Press.

Shapira, T., Arar, K., & Azaiza, F. (2012). “They didn’t consider me and no-one even took me into account”: Women school principals in the Arab education system in Israel. Iyun U-Mekhkar Behakhsharat Morim, 13, 312-337.

Shkedi, A. (2003). Words that are trying to touch: Qualitative researchTheory and implementation. Tel-Aviv: Ramot Press.

Shtauber, S. (2009). The most complex role—Ynet. Retrieved from http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/07340

Smith, A. M. (2008). Race and gender in the leadership experiences of three female African American high school principals: A multiple case study. Georgia Southern University. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/view content.cgi?article=1310&context=etd

Smooha, S. (2013). Still playing by the rules: The index of Arab-Jewish relations in Israel 2012. The Israel Democracy Institute and University of Haifa.

Stoelinga, S. R., Hart, H., & Schalliol, D. (2008). The work of Chicago Public Schools’ principals: Leading in a complex context with high stakes. Research report. Consortium on Chicago School Research (CCSR), Chicago, IL.

The Central Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.cbs.gov.il/

Yonai, Y., & Kraus, V. (2009). Culture or opportunities structure: Why Palestinian women joining the work market is scares? In F. Azaiza, K. Abu-Baker, R. Hertz-Lazarowitz, and A. Ghanem (Eds.), Arab women in Israel: Status quo and a view to the future (p. 122). Tel Aviv: Ramot Press.

About | Terms & Conditions | Issue | Privacy | Contact us
Copyright © 2001 - David Publishing Company All rights reserved, www.davidpublisher.com
3 Germay Dr., Unit 4 #4651, Wilmington DE 19804; Tel: 001-302-3943358 Email: order@davidpublishing.com