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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Social Causes of Arab Youth Radicalizing
Author(s)
Diab M. Al-Badayneh, Rami A. Al-Assasfeh, Nisreen A. Al-Bhri
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DOI:10.17265/2160-6579/2016.12.004
Affiliation(s)
Police College, MOI, Qatar IKCRS, Amman, Jordan Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of macro social factors (states, religion, region, Arab spring, terrorism, unrest (Shoe index), democracy, corruption (GPI), Human development (HDI), low self-control, life stress events (LSE), youth unemployment, religiosity, feeling (fear and anger), youth unemployment and total unemployment) on Arab youth’s radicalization. A sample of 6,730 Arab youth age 15-24 years was selected from Kuwait, UAE, KSA, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Jordan, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Lebanon, Egypt, Gaza and Palestine and Syrian refuges in Jordan. A questionnaire of 43 items to measure radicalization was developed based on the literature review. A construct validity of the scale was estimated by calculating the correlation between radicalization scale and Low self-control scale and found a positive significant relationship (0.680, α = 0.000), a sign of validity of the scale. A Reliability of the scale is strong and was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha and was 0.947. An average of 46.6% of the participants was categorized as radicals with standard deviation of 12. Macro social factors explained 64% of the variance on radicalization. It has a significant impact on radicalization (F = 807.6, α = 0.000). Each single variable has a significant impact. The analysis revealed three groups of macro determinants of youth radicalization were identified: (1) Geographic factors: state, region, and Arab spring; (2) Social factors: religion, religiously, feelings, LSE and LSC; (3) Human security: unrest, terrorism, democracy, corruption, human development, youth unemployment and employment rate. To alleviate the consequences of radicalization, prevention policies should take in account youth concerns as partners and victims of radicalization. Policies need to focus on radicalization pull and push factors on micro-meso-macro level.
KEYWORDS
radicalization, Arab youth, policy implications
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