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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
Richard Martin Gibbons
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DOI:10.17265/1934-8975/2016.10.006
Affiliation(s)
ABSTRACT
The arguments in this paper lead
to a new definition of thermodynamic equilibrium that remedies the deficiencies
of the current forms. This definition relates thermodynamic equilibrium to its
physical causes and accounts for all factors that determine it for all types of
equilibrium. Standard definitions
of thermodynamic equilibrium are incomplete. They do not take account of all
factors that determine such equilibriums, discuss the impediments which may
prevent them being reached or relate the properties that define equilibriums to
the physical reasons that determine them when impediments are present. The laws of
thermodynamics determine the requirements for equilibrium. These laws arise
from the physical behaviour of the molecules in molecular systems and are
consequences of the conservation of energy, the energies of molecules,
statistics, Newton’s laws of motion, and the equi-partition of energy. The standard
definition of thermodynamic equilibrium correctly defines equilibrium whenever
impediments are not factors. The discussion demonstrates how impediments arise,
accounts for their role in defining equilibrium and how they relate to the
energies of molecules at the conditions of the system. The new definition
applies to all types of equilibrium.
KEYWORDS
Thermodynamics, equilibrium, statistical mechanics.
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