 |
customer@davidpublishing.com |
 |
3275638434 |
 |
 |
| Paper Publishing WeChat |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Shrirang S. Bakhle
Full-Text PDF
XML 4281 Views
DOI:10.17265/2159-5542/2016.05.001
Dr. Bakhle Clinics, Mumbai, India
With increasing understanding of neurobiological basis, Psychiatric Disorders are being considered Brain Disorders. As neurobiological basis of Psychiatric Disorders becomes known, some questions arise. Should all these disorders be called Neurological Disorders and be treated by Neurologists? If, both, Psychiatry and Neurology treat disorders of the same organ, brain, then, should departments of Psychiatry be merged with departments of Neurology? What are the defining features of Psychiatric Disorders as a group that differentiate them from Neurological Disorders? There is a need to define inclusion and exclusion criteria for distinguishing between Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. There are practical needs for this. For example, what criteria guide the decision to admit a patient in Psychiatry Ward or Neurology Ward? This is also important from legal and stigma point of view. The theoretical need is nosological. What criteria determine whether a particular disorder should be included in Neurology or Psychiatry? The paper shows how it is impossible to differentiate between Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders on the basis of neuroanatomy or neurophysiology. The paper describes the vital importance of the term “mental” in Psychiatry (e.g., “Mental” Disorders, “Mental” Status Examination, etc.) and how it cannot be replaced by “Neurological” or “Brain”. The paper discusses how Psychiatric Disorders are basically “Mental” Disorders (disorders of mind). It shows how mind is a real and specific entity. It gives a novel definition of mind using a specific concept of “functional organization”. The article gives a precise description of mind-brain relationship using the concepts of physical parts, functional parts and active functional organization. This description answers many questions such as “Why no biomarkers have been found for any of the Mental Disorders” and the topic in the title. The article also explains how this concept of mind provides a better framework for describing the mental events in normal persons and in Mental Disorders—as compared to the concepts of Cognition or Higher Functions or Executive Functions. It shows the fallacy of using the term “Behavioral” Disorders. The article shows how there is no other answer to the question of “What is the difference between Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders?”
behavioral disorders, cognition, DSM-5, functional organization, mental disorder, mind, mind-brain
Shrirang S. Bakhle. (2016). Identifying Conceptual Differences Between Psychiatric Disorders and Neurological Disorders Although Both Are Disorders of Brain. Psychology Research, 6(5), 259-269.
Ashcraft, M. S., & Radvansky, G. A. (2010). Cognition (p. 2). Dorling Kindersley: Pearson Education Inc..
Campbell, R. J. (2009). Campbell’s Psychiatric Dictionary (9th Ed.). New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.
Colman, A. M. (2009). Oxford Dictionary of Psychology (3rd Ed., p. 143). Oxford UK: Oxford University Press.
Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Medicine, 11, 126. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-126
International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th Revision) (ICD-10). (2016). World Health Organization. Retrieved April 2, 2016, from http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en
International Classification of Diseases and Related health Problems (11th Revision-Beta Draft) (ICD 11-Beta Draft) Retrieved April 1, 2016, from http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd11/browse
Michels, R. (2009). Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (9th Ed., p. lvi). Philadelphia, P.A.: Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Morgan, C. T., King, R. A., Weisz, J. R., & Schopler, J. (2001). Introduction to psychology (7th Ed., p. 6). Mcgraw-Hill Inc.: Tata McGraw-Hill.
Nasrallah, H. A. (December 2011). The antipsychiatry movement: Who and Why. Current Psychiatry, 10(12).
Ozarin, L., & North, M. (Ed.). (2013, September 17). Diseases of the mind: Highlights of American psychiatry through 1900-Benjamin Rush. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 2, 2016, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/diseases/benjamin.html
Perring, C., & Zalta, E. N. (Ed.). Mental illness: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2010 Edition). Retrieved April 2, 2016, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2010/entries/mental-illness/
Pies, R. (Summer, 2005). Why psychiatry and neurology cannot merge. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 17, 304-309.
Ross, C. A., & Pam, A. (1995). Psudoscience in biological psychiatry. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley and Sons, Inc..
Soanes, C. (Ed.). In S. Hawker, & J. Elliott (2010). Oxford English Dictionary (26th impression). Oxford University Press.
Szasz, T. (1960). The myth of mental illness. New York: Hoeber-Harper.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Ed., (DSM-5). (2013). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed., Text Revision, p. xxx, (DSM-IV-TR). (2000). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
Torrey, E. F. (1975). The death of psychiatry. New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books.
Weitz, D. (1998). 25 Good reasons why psychiatry must be abolished. Retrieved April 1, 2016, from http://www.antipsychiatry.org/25reason.htm
White, P. D., Rickards, H., & Zeman, A. Z. J. (2012). Time to end the distinction between mental and neurological illnesses. BMJ, 344, e3454.