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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Model Analysis of Smoke Control in Long Tunnel: Findings from Hsueh-Shan Tunnel Accident in Taiwan
Author(s)
Yi-Hong Chang1, Chen-Wei Chiu2 and Chi-Min Shu1
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DOI:10.17265/1934-7359/2016.02.012
Affiliation(s)
1. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, R.O.C.
2. Department of Fire Safety, National Taiwan Police College, Taipei 64002, Taiwan, R.O.C.
ABSTRACT
The common properties
of risk in long tunnel fires are high temperature, extreme difficulty of
evacuation, rescue urgency and obstacle to rescue operation. Therefore, a
complete ventilation design is an indispensable safety measure. Hsueh-Shan Tunnel is the longest in Taiwan, the fifth
longest in the world. On May 7, 2012, a serious tunnel fire caused two deaths and numerous victims suffered from smoke
inhalation injury. Apart from this, there was smoking entering the
cross-passages and shafts which were important for evacuation. In this
research, the current ventilation system in Hsueh-Shan Tunnel
was simulated with FDS (fire dynamics simulator)
software, and the statistics of smoke, visibility and temperature profile were analyzed. The
results of this research showed that, with the current ventilation system, the
time was shorter and the distance was longer for the smoke spreading windward
than in other models. Furthermore, the visibility of windward victims was more
affected and the temperature above the fire source was higher than those in
other systems. When the wind speed in tunnel is within 2.0~4.0 m/s, the condition for turning off the
ventilation fan within 250 m upwind from the fire source can be prominently
reduced to 50 m upwind from the fire source. This not only could avoid plume
disturbance but also could be maintained. If victims’ evacuation
should be given the highest priority, it is recommended to straightly activate
the maximum power of the fan.
KEYWORDS
Long tunnel fires, ventilation system, visibility, plume disturbance, victims’ evacuation.
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