Francesco Paolone, research fellow in business and economics, Department of Business and Law, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy.
Adalberto Rangone, research fellow in business and economics, Department of Business and Economics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
emerging market score (EMS), Altman’s model, performance measurement, financial distress, global economic crisis
Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589-609.
Altman, E. I. (1984). The success of business failure prediction models: An international survey. Journal of Banking and Finance, 8, 171-198.
Altman, E. I. (1993). Corporate financial distress and bankruptcy: A complete guide to predicting and avoiding distress and profiting from bankruptcy. New York: Wiley & Sons.
Altman, E. I. (2005). An emerging market credit scoring system for corporate bonds. Emerging Market Review, 6(4), 311-323.
Altman, E. I., & Hotchkiss, E. (2006). Corporate financial distress & bankruptcy (3rd ed.). Hoboken: Wiley & Sons.
Altman, E. I., Danovi, R., & Fallini, A. (2013). Z-score models’ application to Italian companies subject to extraordinary administration. Bancaria, 4, 24-37.
Altman, E. I., Haldeman, R. G., & Narayanan, P. (1977). Zeta analysis. Journal of Banking and Finance, 1, 29-54.
Altman, E. I., Hartzell, J., & Peck, M. (1995). Emerging markets corporate bonds: A scoring system. New York: Salomon Brothers Inc.
Aly, I. M., Barlow, H. A., & Jones, R. W. (1992). The usefulness of SFAS No. 82 (current cost) information in discriminating business failure: An empirical study. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 7(2), 217-229.
Baldwin, J., & Glezen, G. W. (1992). Bankruptcy prediction using quarterly financial statement data. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 7(3), 269-285.
Beaver, W. H. (1966). Financial ratios as predictors of failure. Journal of Accounting Research, 4, 71-111.
Bellovary, J. L., Giacomino, D. E., & Akers, M. D. (2007). A review of bankruptcy prediction studies: 1930 to present. Journal of Financial Education, 33(1), 1-42.
Bhattacharjee, A., & Han, J. (2014). Financial distress of Chinese firms: Microeconomic, macroeconomic and institutional influences. China Economic Review, 30, 244-262.
Bibow, J. (2012). How to sustain the Chinese economic miracle. Chinese Economy, 45(1), 46-73.
Casey, C., & Bartczak, N. (1984). Cash flow: It is not the bottom line. Harvard Business Review, 4, 60-66.
Central Intelligence Agency. (2015). The world factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/
Charitou, A., Neophytou, E., & Charalambous, C. (2004). Predicting corporate failure: Empirical evidence for the UK. European Accounting Review, 13(3), 465-497.
Daubie, M., & Meskens, N. (2002). Business failure prediction: A review and analysis of the literature. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Deakin, E. (1972). A discriminant analysis of predictors of business failure. Journal of Accounting Research, 10(1), 167-179.
Doumpos, M., & Zopoudinis, C. (1999). A multicriteria discrimination method for the prediction of financial distress: The case of Greece. Multinational Finance Journal, 3(2), 71-101.
Fabbri, D. (2015). Burro e cannoni: Il segreto del dollaro è la grandezza dell’America. Moneta e Impero, Limes Online. Roma: Gruppo editoriale L’Espresso Spa.
Guatri, L. (1998). Trattato sulla valutazione delle aziende. Milano: Edizione Egea, Università Boccon.
Hickman, W. B. (1957). Corporate bonds: Quality and investment performance. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Hill, N. T., Perry, S. E., & Andes, S. (1996). Evaluating firms in financial distress: An event history analysis. Journal of Applied Business Research, 12(3), 60-71.
Huang, S. M., Tsai, C. F., Yen, D. C., & Cheng, Y. L. (2008). A hybrid financial analysis model for business failure prediction. Expert Systems With Application, 35, 1034-1040.
Ji, B. C. (2010). China’s economic recovery and the China model. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 8(3), 215-226.
Johnsen, T., & Melicher, R. (1994). Predicting corporate bankruptcy and financial distress: Information value added by multinomial logit models. Journal of Economics and Business, 46, 269-286.
Kahya, E., & Theodossiou, P. (1996). Predicting corporate financial distress: A time-series CUSUM methodology. Proceedings from the Third Annual Conference of the Multinational Finance Association (pp. 1-38).
Keasey, K., & Watson, R. (1991). Financial distress models: A review of their usefulness. British Journal of Management, 2(2), 89-102.
Keasey, K., McGuinness, P., & Short, H. (1990). Multilogit approach to predicting corporate failure—Further analysis and the issue of signal consistency. Omega, 18(1), 85-94.
Kosmidis, K., & Stavropoulos, A. (2013). Corporate failure diagnosis in SMEs. A longitudinal analysis based on alternative prediction models. International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 22(1), 49-67.
Laitinen, E. K. (1994). Traditional versus operating cash flow in failure prediction. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 21(2), 215-228.
Lennox, C. S. (1999). The accuracy and incremental information content of audit reports in predicting bankruptcy. Journal of Business, Finance and Accounting, 26 (5-6), 757-778.
Mckinsey Global Institute. (2013). QE and ultra-low interest rates: Distributional effects and risks. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/economic_studies/qe_and_ultra_low_interest_rates_distributional_effects_and_risks
Ohlson, J. (1980). Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research, 18(1), 109-131.
Peel, M. J., & Peel, D. A. (1988). A multilogit approach to predicting corporate failure—Some evidence for the UK corporate sector. Omega, 16(4), 309-318.
Platt, H. D., & Platt, M. B. (2002). Predicting corporate financial distress: Reflections on choice-based sample bias. Journal of Economics and Finance, 26(2), 184-199.
Platt, H. D., Platt, M. B., & Pedersen, J. G. (1994). Bankruptcy discriminant with real variables. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 21(4), 491-509.
Taffler, R. J., & Agarwal, V. (2003). Do statistical failure prediction models work ex ante or only ex post? (Deloitte & Touche Lecture Series on Credit Risk, University of Antwerp, Belgium).
Tamari, M. (1984). The use of a bankruptcy forecasting model to analyse corporate behaviour in Israel. Journal of Banking and Finance, 8, 293-302.
Ugurlu, M., & Aksoy, H. (2006). Prediction of corporate financial distress in an emerging market: The case of Turkey. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 13(4), 277-295.
Van Caillie, D. (1999). Business failure prediction models: What is the theory looking for? Proceedings from the 2nd International Conference on Risk and Crisis Management. Liege, Belgium.
Wang, Y., & Campbell, M. (2010a). Do bankruptcy models really have predictive ability? Evidence using China publicly listed companies. International Management Review, 6(2), 77-82.
Wang, Y., & Campbell, M. (2010b). Financial ratios and the prediction of bankruptcy: The Ohlson model applied to Chinese publicly traded companies. The Journal of Organizational Leadership and Business, 17(1), 334-338.
Ward, T. J., & Foster, B. P. (1997). A note on selecting a response measure for financial distress. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 24(6), 869-879.
Wei, T. (2011). Top management turnover and firm default: Evidence from China securities market. China Journal of Accounting Research, 4(1-2), 81-89.
Wu, W. W. (2010). Beyond business failure prediction. Expert Systems With Application, 37, 2371-2376.
Zhang, L., Altman, E. I., & Yen, J. (2010). Corporate financial distress diagnosis model and application in credit rating for listing firms in China. Frontiers of Computer Science in China, 4(2), 220-236.