Paper Status Tracking
Contact us
[email protected]
Click here to send a message to me 3275638434
Paper Publishing WeChat

Article
Affiliation(s)

University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

ABSTRACT

Tourist guides as front-line professionals, information-givers, and interpreters act as destination representatives and “ambassadors” in the eyes of tourists (Rabotić, 2010). This paper, using an empirical analysis of coach tour foreign tourists travelling in Portugal, intends to determine how tourist destination image (TDI) is modified and enhanced through the influence of tourist guide performance and tourist satisfaction with the guided tour. A survey questionnaire of first-time package tour travellers to Portugal revealed a positive change in attitude to image components such as monuments/museums, tourist information, landscape, and gastronomy and wines, confirming that the tourist guide’s attributes in communication skills and scholar knowledge (history, art, and popular culture) together with highly rated tourist satisfaction with the guided tour concerning the professional competence of a bus driver were critical in enhancing Portugal destination image. Marketing implications for senior coach tour in Portugal are drawn.

KEYWORDS

tourist guide, tourist guide performance, tourist satisfaction, coach guided tour, destination image

Cite this paper

Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, August 2015, Vol. 3, No. 7-8, 129-150 doi: 10.17265/2328-2169/2015.08.001

References
Almeida, P., Miranda, F. J., & Elias-Almeida, A. (2012). Aplicação da análise importância-valor aos componentes da imagem de
um destino turístico. Tourism and Management Studies, 8, 65-77.
Ap, J., & Wong, K. K. F. (2001). Case study on tour guiding: Professionalism, issues, and problems. Tourism Management, 22(5),
551-563.
Assaker, G., Vinzi, V. E., & O’Connor, P. (2011). Examining the effect of novelty seeking, satisfaction, and destination image on
tourists’ return pattern: A two factor, non-linear latent growth model. Tourism Management, 32(4), 890-901.
Baloglu, S. (1997). The relationship between destination images and sociodemographic and trip characteristics of international
travelers. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 3(3), 221-233.
Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective images of tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15.
Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868-897.
Beerli, A., & Martín, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657-681.
Beerli, A., Díaz, G., & Pérez, P. (2002). The configuration of the university image and its relationship with the satisfaction of
students. Journal of Education Administration, 40(5), 486-505.
Black, R. S., & Weiler, B. (2005). Quality assurance and regulatory mechanisms in the tour guiding industry: A systematic review.
Journal of Tourism Studies, 16(1), 24-37.
Chang, J. C. (2006). Customer satisfaction with tour leaders’ performance: A study of Taiwan’s package tours. Asia Pacific
Journal of Tourism Research, 11(1), 97-116.
Chang, K. C. (2014). Examining the effect of tour guide performance, tourist trust, tourist satisfaction, and flow experience on
tourists’ shopping behavior. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(2), 219-247.
Cohen, E. (1985). The tourist guide: The origins, structure, and dynamics of a role. Annals of Tourism Research, 12(1), 5-29.
Crompton, J. L. (1979). An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical
location upon that image. Journal of Travel Research, 17(4), 18-23.
Dann, G. (1996). Tourists’ images of a destination: An alternative analysis. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 5(1-2),
41-55.
Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(1),
37-48.
Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, B. (1993). The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel
Research, 31(4), 3-13.
Embacher, J., & Buttle, F. (1989). A repertory grid analysis of Austria’s image as a summer vacation destination. Journal of Travel
Research, 27(3), 3-7.
European Committee for Standardization. (2003). European standard EN13809:2003 tourism services - Travel agencies and tour
operators terminology.
Fakeye, P. C., & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Image differences between prospective, first-time, and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio
Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 10-16.
Gartner, W. C. (1986). Temporal influences on image change. Annals of Tourism Research, 13(4), 635-644.
Gil, S. M., Palacio, A. B., & Santana, J. D. M. (2004). La imagen de Gran Canaria como destino turístico. Retrieved from
http://www.fulp.eu/files/webfm/File/web/publicaciones/vectorplus/articulos/vp23_05_articulo05.pdf
Goodrich, J. N. (1978). The relationship between preferences for and perceptions of vacation destinations: Application of a choice
model. Journal of Travel Research, 17(2), 8-13.

Gunn, C. A. (1988). Vacationscape: Designing tourist regions. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Gutiérrez, H. S. M. (2005). Estudio de la Imagen de Destino Turístico y el Proceso Global de Satisfacción: Adopción de un
enfoque integrador (Ph.D. thesis, Departamento de Administración de Empresas, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander).
Ham, S., & Weiler, B. (2002). Toward a theory of quality in cruise-based interpretive guiding. Journal of Interpretation Research,
7(2), 29-49.
Ham, S., & Weiler, B. (2007). Isolating the role of on-site interpretation in a satisfying experience. Journal of Interpretation
Research, 12(2), 5-24.
Holloway, J. C. (1981). The guided tour: A sociological approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(3), 377-402.
Huang, S., Hsu, C. H. C., & Chan, A. (2010). Tour guide performance and tourist satisfaction: A study of the package tours in
Shanghai. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 34(1), 3-33.
Hughes, K. (1991). Tourist satisfaction: A guided “cultural” tour in North Queensland. Australian Psychologist, 26(3), 166-171.
Hunt, J. D. (1975). Image as a factor in tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 13(3), 1-7.
Hwang, S. N., Lee, C., & Chen, H. J. (2005). The relationship among tourists’ involvement, place attachment, and interpretation
satisfaction in Taiwan’s national parks. Tourism Management, 26(2), 143-156.
Leclerc, D., & Martin, J. N. (2004). Tour guide communication competence: French, German, and American tourists’ perceptions.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28(3-4), 181-200.
Lee, S., Jeon, S., & Kim, D. (2011). The impact of tour quality and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: The case of Chinese
tourists in Korea. Tourism Management, 32(5), 1115-1124.
Lopez, E. M. (1980). The effect of leadership style on satisfaction levels of tour quality. Journal of Travel Research, 18(4), 20-23.
Matzler, K., Renzl, B., & Rothenberger, S. (2006). Measuring the relative importance of service dimensions in the formation of
price satisfaction and service satisfaction: A case study in the hotel industry. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and
Tourism, 6(3), 179-196.
McDonnell, I. (2001). The role of the tour guide in transferring cultural understanding. Working Paper No. 3, School of Leisure,
Sport, and Tourism, University of Technology, Sydney. Retrieved from
http://www.business.uts.edu.au/lst/downloads/WP03_McDonnell.pdf
McDowall, S. (2010). International tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: Bangkok, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of
Tourism Research, 15(1), 21-42.
Milman, A., & Pizam, A. (1995). The role of awareness and familiarity with a destination: The central Florida case. Journal of
Travel Research, 33(3), 21-27.
Min, J. C. H. (2012). A short-form measure for assessment of emotional intelligence for tour guides: Development and evaluation.
Tourism Management, 33(1), 155-167.
Mossberg, L. L. (1995). Tour leaders and their importance in charter tours. Tourism Management, 16(6), 437-445.
Neves, J. M. D. O. (2012). Imagem de destino turístico: Contributo para uma sistematização da leitura científica. Retrieved from
http://hdl.handle.net/10437/5237
Pearce, P. L. (1984). Tourist-guide interaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 11(1), 129-146.
Pereira, A. M., & Cravidão, F. (2014). A coesão grupal no olhar do turista. Turismo and Desenvolvimento, 2(21/22), 425-439.
Pond, K. L. (1993). The professional guide: Dynamics of tour guiding. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Quiroga, I. (1990). Characteristics of package tours in Europe. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(2), 185-207.
Rabotić, B. (2010). Tourist guides in contemporary tourism. Paper presented at the International
Conference on Tourism and Environment, Sarajevo, March 4-5, 2010. Retrieved from
http://www.belgradetours.com/THE%20ROLE%20OF%20THE%20TOURIST%20GUIDE%20IN.pdf
Schmidt, C. J. (1979). The guided tour: Insulated adventure. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 7(4), 441-467.
Scott, D. R., Schewl, C. D., & Frederick, D. G. (1978). A multi-brand/multi-attribute model of tourist state choice. Journal of
Travel Research, 17(3), 23-29.
Sinaiko, H. W., & Brislin, R. W. (1973). Evaluating language translations: Experiments on three assessment methods. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 57(3), 328-334.
Stabler, M. J. (1990). The image of destination regions: Theoretical and empirical aspects. In B. Goodall, & G. Ashworth (Eds.),
Marketing in the tourism industry: The promotion of destination regions (pp. 133-161). London: Routledge.
United Nations. (2013). World population ageing 2013. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2013.pdf
Urry, J., & Larsen, J. (2011). The tourist gaze 3.0. London: Sage Publications.

Wang, K. C., Hsieh, A. T., Chou, S. H., & Lin, Y. S. (2007). GPTCCC: An instrument for measuring group package tour service.
Tourism Management, 28(2), 361-376.
Weber, K. (1997). The assessment of tourist satisfaction using the expectancy disconfirmation theory: A study of the German
travel market in Australia. Pacific Tourism Review, 1(1), 35-45.
Weiler, B., & Ham, S. H. (2001). Tour guides and interpretation. In D. Weaver (Ed.), The encyclopedia of ecotourism
(pp. 549-563). Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
Ye, H., & Tussyadiah, I. P. (2011). Destination visual image and expectation of experiences. Journal of Travel and Tourism
Marketing, 28(2), 129-144.
Yu, X., Weiler, B., & Ham, S. (2002). Intercultural communication and mediation: A framework for analysing the intercultural
competence of Chinese tour guides. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(1), 75-87.
Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., & Berry, L. L. (1990). Delivering quality service: Balancing customer perceptions and
expectations. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
Zhang, H. Q., & Chow, I. (2004). Application of importance-performance model in tour guides’ performance: Evidence from
mainland Chinese outbound visitors in Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 25(1), 81-91.
Zillinger, M., Jonasson, M., & Adolfsson, P. (2012). Guided tours and tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism,
12(1), 1-7.

About | Terms & Conditions | Issue | Privacy | Contact us
Copyright © 2001 - David Publishing Company All rights reserved, www.davidpublisher.com
3 Germay Dr., Unit 4 #4651, Wilmington DE 19804; Tel: 001-302-3943358 Email: [email protected]