Plasma-Based Neutron Sources and Laser-Driven Acceleration Mechanisms

Three laser-plasma-based methods for neutron generation are explored. First, laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) produces relativistic electron beams that generate neutrons via bremsstrahlung and photo-neutron reactions in a tungsten converter. Second, laser-driven deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion uses cryogenic deuterium ice targets irradiated by petawatt lasers to achieve extremely high plasma temperatures and neutron yields. Third, laser-ion acceleration involves accelerating ions (protons/deuterons) that collide with beryllium or copper converters, producing neutrons via nuclear reactions. A key advantage of using plasma is its ability to sustain extreme energy densities and electromagnetic fields, enabling compact, ultrafast, and high-flux neutron sources without the need for large-scale facilities. These methods are verified experimentally and through simulations, demonstrating compatibility with modern high-intensity laser systems.