Analysis of Caucasian Geopolitics from the Perspective of Overview of the Foreign Policy and Security Strategic Aspects of the Conflict Between Azerbaijan and Armenia

This study analyzes the evolving geopolitical dynamics of the South Caucasus, with a particular focus on the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict and its implications for regional and global power structures. Through a qualitative geopolitical approach, the research examines historical continuities, alliance transformations, and the strategies of major actors, including the United States, Russia, Iran, Turkey, and Israel.Primary data sources include government reports, academic publications, and contemporary news analyses, providing a multi-faceted perspective on the shifting security environment. The findings suggest that Armenia’s pivot toward Western alliances and Azerbaijan’s strategic balancing between Russia and Israel are reshaping the regional order. Furthermore, the study identifies the South Caucasus as a key intersection where global strategic rivalries increasingly influence local conflicts.By situating the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict within broader patterns of geopolitical competition, this research contributes to the scholarship on Eurasian security studies and offers insights into the future trajectory of conflict and cooperation in the region. It also highlights avenues for further investigation, including the internal political developments within Armenia and Azerbaijan and the role of intermediary states in shaping great power rivalries.

Anadolu, A. (2023). Armenia and the US to hold joint “Eagle Partner 2023” drills. September 6, 2023. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/ermenistan-ve-abd-ortak-eagle-partner-2023-tatbikati-yapacak/2984725.

Anadolu, A. (2024). Armenia demands Russian troops on the line of contact with Azerbaijan to leave the country. May 9, 2024. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/ermenistan-azerbaycanla-temas-hattindaki-rus-askerlerinin-de-ulkeden-cikmasini-istedi/3214751.

Avcı, H. (2010). Simons living in the golden horn, pp. 555-569.

BBC. (2024). What is known about Israel’s attacks on Iran? October 27, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cvgkk4ly00zo.

BBC. (2023). Will India become a close ally of the US? June 20, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/ce766nez3gno.

BBC. (2024). Which issues were discussed in Nechirvan Barzani’s contacts in Ankara? July 16, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cg4q95k9d4do.

Bilgin, M. (2005). The last blow in the caspian, pp.128-133.

Caliber.Az. (2024). Exclusive to Caliber.Az: This is how the Americans landed in Armenia. August 12, 2024. https://caliber.az/post/eksklyuziv-caliber-az-tak-amerikancy-vysazhivalis-v-armenii.

Caliber.Az. (2024). International reaction to arms supplies to Armenia. August 24, 2024. https://caliber.az/post/mezhdunarodnyj-rezonans-vokrug-oruzhejnyh-postavok-v-armeniyu.

Caliber.Az. (2024). Second front against Russia, attack on Azerbaijan and coup in Georgia. September 11, 2024. https://caliber.az/post/vtoroj-front-protiv-rossii-nastuplenie-na-azerbajdzhan-i-gosperevorot-v-gruzii.

Caliber.Az. (2024). US army enters Zangezur. August 6, 2024. https://caliber.az/post/armiya-ssha-voshla-v-zangezur.

Caliber.Az. (2024). US embassy in Armenia could not refute information from Caliber.Az. August 7, 2024. https://caliber.az/post/posolstvo-ssha-v-armenii-ne-smoglo-oprovergnut-informaciyu-caliber-az.

Caliber.Az. (2024). What connects the United States of America and the 513th separate battalion of the Armenian defense ministry? August 14, 2024. https://caliber.az/post/chto-svyazyvaet-ssha-i-513-j-otdelnyj-batalon-mo-armenii.

Canar, B. (2012). Russian Federation’s relations with Azerbaijan. Journal of Çankırı Karatekin University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2(1), 21-38.

Channel 14. (2024). Iranian citizens claim: Israel attacked Iran through Azerbaijan. October 29, 2024. https://www.now14.co.il/article/1046641.

Coşkun, V. (2014). The resolution process: Yesterday, today, tomorrow. Journal of Liberal Thought, 75, 7-18.

Çora, A. N. (2024). Exploring the viability and implications of a nato-like defense cooperation among turkic states. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, 24(2), 627-642. https://doi.org/10.32449/egetdid.1538388.

Crimean News Agency. (2024). US troops are withdrawing from Iraq! September 9, 2024. https://www.qha.com.tr/gundem/abd-askerleri-irak-tan-cekiliyor-494376.

Directorate of Communications. (2024). President Erdoğan Receives Barzani, President of the Kurdish Regional Government of Iraq. October 16, 2024. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-irak-kurt-bolgesel-yonetimi-baskani-barzaniyi-kabul-etti-16-10-24.

Directorate of Communications. (2025). Statement on President Erdoğan’s Reception of KRG Prime Minister Barzani. January 7, 2025. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-ikby-basbakani-barzaniyi-kabul-etti-07-01-25.

Euronews. (2023). Azerbaijan appoints ambassador to Israel for the first time after tensions with Iran. January 11, 2023.

Euronews. (2024). Israeli finance minister smotrich: It is written that the Jewish State must expand to damascus. October 10, 2024. https://tr.euronews.com/2024/10/10/israil-maliye-bakani-smotrich-yahudi-devletinin-sama-kadar-genislemek-zorunda-oldugu-yazil.

Kremlin.ru. (2022). Declaration on allied interaction between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan. February 22, 2022. http://www.kremlin.ru/supplement/5777.

NTV. (2024). Threat from Houthis | “Operations to expand to Indian Ocean”. April 25, 2024. https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/husilerden-tehdit-operasyonlar-hint-okyanusuna-genisleyecek,HB65vn02skS2bWl4qmcxhQ.

Pamuk, İ. (2012). Rules of engagement: An examination of their definition, scope and application. Public and Private International Law Bulletin, 32(2), 105-145.

Shiraliyev, M. (2023). Security factor in the south caucasus policy of the United States of America under Obama and Trump.” Caucasian Studies—Journal of Social Sciences, 8(14). https://doi.org/10.26650/B/SS30.2020.004.

Tesnim News Agency. (2024). Turkey fell into the pit dug by the US and Israel. December 3, 2024. https://www.tasnimnews.com/tr/news/2024/12/03/3212697/t%C3%BCrkiye-abd-ve-israil-in- kazd%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%

B1-%C3%A7ukura-d%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC.

TÜRKSAM. (2024). US-Armenia joint military exercise: “Eagle Partner 2024”. July 16, 2024. https://www.turksam.org/detay-abd-ermenistan-ortak-askeri-tatbikati-eagle-partner-2024.

Vatandaş, A. (2005). ASALA operations, pp. 16-18.