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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Technical Aspects of Pumping Warranties Explained
Author(s)
Nikolaos Adamopoulos
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5879/2021.01.002
Affiliation(s)
Maran Tankers Management, Athens, Greece
ABSTRACT
The highly technical aspects of pumps and piping networks are often overlooked in pumping disputes. This may lead to lack of technically sound defense. This article attempts to bridge this gap. The discussion will be focused on steam driven centrifugal pumps installed on crude oil VLCC tankers but it can straightforwardly be extended to any size of centrifugal pump and tanker type. Pump characteristics will be firstly explained and the operation of a pump in a piping network will then be examined. The use of two or more pumps in the presence of a network will be also introduced before applying the technical concepts to a typical discharge operation of a tanker. Pumping warranties will be discussed in attempting to examine what conditions must prevail to allow a ship to perform within the charter party restrictions. It will be shown that the ship must be offered separate shore lines to discharge the cargo in 24 hours. For conditions where there is high back pressure, a ship can meet a common guarantee of 7 kg/cm2 at the manifold provided the pumps are maintained in good condition, while meeting higher pressure warranties is subject to the technical limitations of the pumps. Fuel oil consumption concepts will also be discussed for time charter parties. A warranty should take into consideration that the fuel oil consumption for pumping depends strongly on the manifold pressure but is also affected by prolonged pumping times.
KEYWORDS
Charter parties, warranties, pumping.
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