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Affiliation(s)

Retired Geographer, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington DC 20511, USA

ABSTRACT

Rural-to-urban migration and globalized trade are swelling cities worldwide, but these forces are perhaps more powerfully concentrated in Dhaka, Bangladesh, than anywhere on earth. Born of a natural disaster 50 years ago, the world’s most densely-populated country faces multiple environmental challenges. Water, with seasonal monsoons, is both a blessing and a curse. A one meter rise in sea level, for example, would displace as many as 25 million Bangladeshis, and cause the largest mass migration in history. Each drought, flood, or cyclone drives scores of environmental refugees from rural areas to the capital city of Dhaka, where air and water pollution run rampant. Recent rapprochement with India over decades-long boundary disputes offers hope that environmental cooperation in the vulnerable Bay of Bengal can follow.

KEYWORDS

Bangladesh, environment, refugees, water, contamination, floods, megacity, land boundary agreement.

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