Contact us
 |
[email protected] |
 |
3275638434 |
 |
 |
| Paper Publishing WeChat |
Useful Links
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
Robert G. Bednarik
Full-Text PDF
XML 816 Views
DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2013.08.003
Affiliation(s)
IFRAO (International Federation of Rock Art Organizations), Caulfield South, Australia
ABSTRACT
Rather than addressing the myths or cosmologies supposedly expressed in rock art, this paper explores some of the myths that have been and are still being created about rock art. We know from the study of the last rock art-producing peoples in the world that outsiders of their cultures cannot interpret their rock art correctly, or even understand their cosmologies adequately. This is not surprising, in view of the neuroscientific understanding of the underlying differences. In a sound hermeneutical system, the normative nature of interpretation must be recognized and accounted for. The record shows that little hermeneutical restraint has been exercised in rock art research, and that the discipline’s credibility demands the expulsion of the extensive myths that have been created by it. Some of the most prominent of these falsities are presented to illustrate the point.
KEYWORDS
rock art, epistemology, interpretation, dating, extinct fauna, shamanism, neuropathology
Cite this paper
References
Akerman, K. (1998). A rock painting, possibly of the now extinct marsupial Thylacoleo (marsupial lion), from the north Kimberley, western Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, 14, 117-121.
Akerman, K. (2009). Interaction between humans and megafauna depicted in Australian rock art?. Antiquity, 83(322). Retrieved from http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/akerman322/
Akerman, K., & Willing, T. (2009). An ancient rock painting of a marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex, from the Kimberley, Western Australia. Antiquity, 83(319). Retrieved from http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/akerman319/
Alcock, J. E. (1981). Parapsychology: Science or magic? A psychological perspective. Oxford and New York: Pergamon.
Alcock, J., Carment, D. W., & Sadava, S. W. (2005). A textbook of social psychology (6th ed.). Ontario: Pearson Education Canada.
Anati, E. (1968). Rock art in central Arabia, 2; Museum Library (Bibliothèque du Muséon), 50. Louvain, Belgium: Institut Orientaliste Bibliothèque de l’Universite.
Armstrong, P. A. (1887). The Piasa, or the devil among the Indians. Morris, I.L.: E. B. Fletcher.
Bahn, P. G. (1995a). Cave art without the caves. Antiquity, 69, 231-237.
Bahn, P. G. (1995b). Outdoor creations of the Ice Age. Archaeology ,37.
Barnes, F. A., & Pendleton, M. (1979). Canyon country prehistoric Indians: Their cultures, ruins, artifacts, and rock art. Salt Lake City, U.T.: Wasatch.
Basedow, H. (1904). Anthropological notes made on the south Australia government north-west prospecting expedition, 1903. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 28(3), 12-51.
Basedow, H. (1907). Rock engravings of high ages in central Australia (Felsgravierungen hohen Alters in Zentral-Australien). Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 39, 707-717.
Basedow, H. (1914). Aboriginal rock carvings of great antiquity in South Australia. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 44, 195-211.
Bednarik, R. G. (1993). Pleistocene animal depiction in Asia. International Newsletter on Rock Art, 6, 2-6.
Bednarik, R. G. (1995). The Côa petroglyphs: An obituary to the stylistic dating of Palaeolithic rock art. Antiquity, 69, 877-883.
Bednarik, R. G. (1998). The technology of petroglyphs. Rock Art Research, 15, 23-35.
Bednarik, R. G. (2002). Paleolithic rock art in Germany? (Paläolithische Felskunst in Deutschland?). Archaeologische Informationen, 25, 107-117.
Bednarik, R. G. (2006). The cave art of Mladeč Cave, Czech Republic. Rock Art Research, 23, 207-216.
Bednarik, R. G. (2007). Rock art science: The scientific study of palaeoart. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
Bednarik, R. G. (2009a). Fluvial erosion of inscriptions and petroglyphs at Siega Verde, Spain. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(10), 2365-2373.
Bednarik, R. G. (2009b). To be or not to be Palaeolithic, that is the question. Rock Art Research, 26(2), 165-177.
Bednarik, R. G. (2011). The human condition. New York: Springer.
Bednarik, R. G. (2012). An aetiology of hominin behaviour. HOMO—Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 63, 319-335.
Bednarik, R. G. (2013a). The origins of modern human behavior. In R. G. Bednarik (Ed.), The psychology of human behaviour. New York: Nova Press.
Bednarik, R. G. (2013b). Megafauna depictions in Australian rock art. Rock Art Research, 30(2), 197-215.
Bednarik, R. G. (2013c). Proboscidean petroglyphs in the USA. International Newsletter on Rock Art (in press).
Bednarik, R. G. (2013d). Brain disorder and rock art. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 23(1), 69-81.
Bednarik, R. G., & Devlet, K. (1992). Rock art conservation in Siberia. Purakala, 3(1-2), 3-11.
Bednarik, R. G., & Helvenston, P. A. (2012). The nexus between neurodegeneration and advanced cognitive abilities. Anthropos, 107(2), 511-527.
Bednarik, R. G., & Khan, M. (2002). The Saudi Arabian rock art mission of November 2001. Atlal, 17, 75-99.
Bednarik, R. G., & Khan, M. (2005). Scientific studies of Saudi Arabian rock art. Rock Art Research, 22, 49-81.
Bednarik, R. G., & Khan, M. (2009). The rock art of southern Arabia reconsidered. Adumatu Journal, 20, 7-20.
Bednarik, R. G., & Li, F. (1991). Rock art dating in China: Past and future. The Artefact, 14, 25-33.
Beierle, F. P. (1980). Man, dinosaur, and history. Prosser, W.A.: Perfect Printing.
Berndt, R. M. (1987). Panaramitee magic. Records of the South Australian Museum, 20, 15-28.
Birkner, F. (1938). The first Older Stone Age rock drawings in Gernany (Die erste altsteinzeitliche Felszeichnung in Deutschland). Bayerisches Vorgeschichtsblatt, 15, 59-64.
Bleek, D. F. (1933). Beliefs and customs of the/Xam Bushmen (Part VI: Rain-making). Bantu Studies, 7,375-392.
Bleek, D. F. (1935). Beliefs and customs of the/Xam Bushmen (Part VII: Sorcerers). Bantu Studies, 9, 1-47.
Bleek, D. F. (1936). Beliefs and customs of the/Xam Bushmen (Part VIII: More about sorcerers and charms). Bantu Studies, 10, 131-162.
Bogdashina, O. (2010). Autism and the edges of the known world: Sensitivities, language and constructed reality. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Bohmers, A. (1939). The rock drawing in the Kastlhänghöhle (Die Felszeichnung in der Kastlhänghöhle). Germania, 7 (1), 39-40.
Bosinski, G. (1982). The Ice Age art of Germany and Switzerland (Die Kunst der Eiszeit in Deutschland und in der Schweiz). Kataloge Vor- und Frühgeschichtlicher Altertümer, 20.
Boyer, L. B. (1969). Shamans: To set the record straight. American Anthropologist, 71, 307-309.
Butt, L., & Lyons, E. (2004). Dinosaurs unleashed. Montgomery: Apologetics Press.
Cartailhac, E. (1902). The caves decorated with drawings Altamira Cave, Spain: “Mea culpa of a skeptic” (Les cavernes ornées de dessins: La grotte d’Altamira, Espagne: “Mea culpa d’un sceptique”). L’Anthropologie, 13, 348-354.
CHEN, Z. F. (1991). History of the discovery of Chinese rock art. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House (in Chinese).
Clewlow, C. W. Jr., & Uchitel, S. K. (2005). Paleoindian rock art? The yellow rock canyon petroglyh. In B. D. Dillan & M. A. Boxt (Eds.), Archaeology without limits (pp. 35-44). (Papers in honor of Clement W. Meighan). Lancaster, C.A.: Labyrinthos.
Conard, N. J., & Uerpmann, H.-P. (2000). New evidence for paleolithic rock painting in central Europe. Current Anthropology, 41, 853-856.
Consens, M. (1988). Comment on J. D. Lewis-Williams & T. A. Dowson, “The signs of all times: Entoptic phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic art”. Current Anthropology, 29, 221-222.
De Heusch, L. (1965). Possession and shamanism: Structural analysis of test: Traditional African religions (International Meeting Bouaké) (Possession et chamanisme. Essai d’analyse structural. Les religions africaines traditionnelles (Rencontres internationales de Bouaké)) (pp. 139-170). Paris: Seuil.
Devereux, G. (1961). Shamans as neurotics. American Anthropologist, 63, 1088-1090.
Dewdney, S., & Kidd, E. (1967). Indian rock paintings of the Great Lakes. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Bush, V., Schuierer, G., Bogdahn, U., & May, A. (2004). Changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature, 427(6972), 311-312.
Eliade, M. (1964). Shamanism: Archaic techniques of ecstasy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Ellenberger, P., Mossman, D. J., Mossman, A. D., & Lockley, M. G. (2005). Bushman cave paintings of ornithopod dinosaurs: Paleolithic trackers interpret Early Jurassic footprints. Ichnos, 12(3), 223-226.
El-Mallakha, R. S. (2006). Schizophrenia and the origins of shamanism among the Kwakiutl maritime cultures of northwest North America: A hypothesis. Schizophrenia Research, 86, 329-330.
Faith, J. T., & Surovell, T. A. (2009). Synchronous extinction of North America’s Pleistocene mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106, 20641-20645.
Francfort, H. P., Hamayon, R. N., & Bahn, P. (Eds.). (2001). The concept of shamanism, uses and abuses (Vol. 10). Budapest: Bibliotheca Shamanistica, Akadémiai Kiadó.
Freund, G. (1957). The Aurignacian art of central Europe (L‘art aurignacien en Europe central). Bulletin de Société Préhistorique de Ariège, 12, 55-78.
GAI, S. (1986). Petroglyphs in the Yinshan Mountains. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House.
Gibbons, W. J., & Hovind, K. (1999). Claws, jaws, and dinosaurs. Pensacola: CSE Publications.
Gillam, M. L., & Wakeley, L. D. (2013). Are Utah’s Sand Island “mammoths” Late Pleistocene? A geologic view. Paper presented in IFRAO-ARARA International Rock Art Conference, Albuquerque, N.M..
Gillespie, R. (2004). First and last: Dating people and extinct animals in Australia. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1(1), 97-101.
Gould, L. M. (1935). The Moab mastodon pictograph. The Scientific Monthly, XLI, 378-379.
Griffin, J. B., Meltzer, D. J., Smith, B. D., & Sturtevant, W. C. (1988). A mammoth fraud in science. American Antiquity, 53, 578-582.
Gunn, R. G., Douglas, L. C., & Whear, R. L. (2011). What bird is that? Identifying a probable painting of Genyornis newtoni in western Arnhem Land. Australian Archaeology, 73, 1-12.
Hahn, J. (1988). The Geißenklösterle 1 (Das Geißenklösterle 1). Research and Reports in Pre and Protohistory of Baden-Württemberg (Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg), 26.
Hahn, J. (1991). Cave art from the Hohlen Fels near Schelklingen, Alb-Donau-Kreis (Höhlenkunst aus dem Hohlen Fels bei Schelklingen, Alb-Donau-Kreis). Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg, 1991, 19-22.
Hamayon, R. (1982). Shamans and shamanism (Des chamanes au chamanisme). L’Ethnographie, 78(2-3),13-48.
Hamayon, R. (1990). The hunt for the soul: Outline of a theory of Siberian shamanism (La chasse à l’âme: Esquisse d’une théorie du chamanisme sibérien). Paris: Société d’Ethnologie, Mémoire 1.
Hamayon, R. (1995). Siberian shamanism: Reflections on a medium (Le chamanisme sibérien: réflexions sur un medium). La Recherche, 275, 416-422.
Handelman, D. (1968). Shamanizing on an empty stomach. American Anthropologist, 70, 353-356.
Hansen, B. S. (1997). From Hell to Inferno. Rock Art Research, 14(1), 51-53.
Haskovec, I. P., & Sullivan, H. (1986). Najambolmi: The life and work of and Aboriginal artist (Unpublished report to Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra).
Haworth, K. (2006). Upper Paleolithic art, autism, and cognitive style: Implications for the evolution of language. Semiotica, 162, 127-174.
Helvenston, P. A. (2012). Deciphering ancient minds: The mystery of San Bushman rock art. A critical book review. Rock Art Research, 29(2), 247-256.
Helvenston, P. A. (2013). Differences between oral and literate cultures: What we know about Upper Paleolithic minds. In R. G. Bednarik (Ed.), The psychology of human behaviour (pp. 59-110). New York: Nova Press.
Helvenston, P. A., & Bednarik, R. G. (2011). Evolutionary origins of brain disorders in Homo sapiens sapiens. Brain Research Journal, 3(2), 113-139.
How, M. W. (1962). The mountain Bushmen of Basutoland. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Hromnik, C. A. (1991). A testament to the shamanistic hallucinatory trance theory of the southern African rock art. Rock Art Research, 8, 99-108.
Hubbard, S. (1927). Discoveries relating to prehistoric man by the Doheny scientific expedition in the Hava Supai Canyon, northern Arizona, with supplement. Oakland, C.A.: Oakland Museum.
Hultkrantz, A. (1993). Introductory remarks on the study of shamanism. Shaman, 1(1), 3-14.
Humphrey, N. (1998). Cave art, autism, and the evolution of the human mind. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 8(2), 165-191.
Isaacs, D. (2010). Dragons or dinosaurs? Creation or evolution?. Alachua, F.L.: Bridge-Logos.
Jolly, P. (1986). A first generation descendant of the Transkei San. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 41, 6-9.
Kaldenberg, R. L. (2005). Possible proboscidean petroglyph found at China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station. Current Research in the Pleistocene, 22, 51-53.
Katz, R. (1976). Educating for transcendence. !Kia-healing with the Kalahari !Kung. In R. B. Lee & I. DeVore (Eds.), Kalahari hunter-gatherers: Studies of the !Kung San and their neighbors (pp. 281-301). Boston: Harvard University Press.
Katz, R. (1982). Boiling energy: Community healing among the Kalahari !Kung. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Katz, R., & M. Biesele (1986). !Kung healing: The symbolism of sex roles and culture change. In M. Biesele, R. Gordon, & R. Lee (Eds.), The past and present of !Kung ethnography: Critical reflections and symbolic perspectives (pp. 195-230) (Essays in honour of Lorna Marshall). Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
Kellman, J. (1998). Ice age art, autism and vision: How we see/how we draw. Studies in Art Education, 39(2), 117-131.
Kellman, J. (1999). Drawing with Peter: Autobiography, narrative, and the art of a child with autism. Studies in Art Education, 40(3), 258-274.
Kohl, H., & Burgstaller, E. (1992). Ice Age in Upper-Austria: Paleolithic rock pictures. Spital am Pyhrn (Eiszeit in Oberösterreich: Paläolithikum-Felsbilder. Spital am Pyhrn). Austria: Österreichisches Felsbildermuseum.
Kraft, J. C., & Thomas, R. A. (1976). Early man at Holly Oak, Delawere. Science, 192, 756-761.
Layton, T. N. (1976). Stalking elephants in Nevada. Western States Folklore Society, 35(4), 250-257.
Le Quellec, J.-L. (2006). The sense in question: Some Saharan examples. Rock Art Research, 23, 165-170.
Lee, R. B. (1967). Trance cure of the !Kung Bushmen. Natural History, 76(9), 31-37.
Leonard, D. M. A., & Brugger, P. (1998). Creative, paranormal, and delusional thought: A consequence of right hemisphere semantic activation?. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 11(4), 177-183.
Lewis-Williams, J. D. (1986). The last testament of the Southern San. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 41, 10-11.
Lewis-Williams, J. D. (2002). The mind in the cave: Consciousness and the origins of art. London and New York: Thames & Hudson.
Lewis-Williams, J. D., & Dowson, T. A. (1988). The signs of all times: Entoptic phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic art. Current Anthropology, 29, 201-245.
Lex, B. W. (1984). The context of schizophrenia and shamanism. American Ethnologist, 11(1), 191-192.
LI, F. S. (1992). A survey on the methods of dating rock art in China. International Newsletter on Rock Art, 2, 15-20.
LIU, Y. Q. (1991). New discovery and historical division of the petroglyphs in Helan Mountains. Paper presented in the International Conference of Rock Art Study, Yinchuan, China.
Loeb, E. M. (1924). The shaman of Niue. American Anthropologist, 26, 393-402.
Lyons, E., & Butt, L. (2008). The dinosaur delusion. Montgomery: Apologetics Press.
Macintosh, N. W. G. (1952). Paintings in Beswick Cave, Northern Territory. Oceania, 22(4), 256-274.
Macintosh, N. W. G. (1977). Beswick Creek Cave two decades later: A reappraisal. In P. J. Ucko (Ed.), Form in indigenous art: Schematization in the art of aboriginal Australia and prehistoric Europe (pp. 191-197). Prehistory and Material Culture Series, 13.
Mackal, R. P. (1987). A living dinosaur? In search of Mokele-Mbembe. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Maguire, E. A., Gadian, D. G., Johnsrude, I. S., Good, C. D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97(8), 4398-4403.
Malafouris, L. (2008). Beads for a plastic mind: The “blind man stick” (BMS) hypothesis and the active nature of material culture. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 18(3), 401-414.
Malotki, E., & Wallace, H. D. (2011). Columbian mammoth petroglyphs from the San Juan River near Bluff, Utah, United States. Rock Art Research, 28(2), 143-152.
Malotki, E., & Weaver, D. E. (2002). Stone chisel and yucca brush: Colorado Plateau rock art. Walnut, C.A.: Kiva Publishing.
Marquette, J. (1855). Narrative of travel and discoveries of Father Jacques Marquette of the Society of Jesus in 1673 and the next year, the continuation of his travels by R. P. Claude Allouez, the autograph log P. Marquette in 1674 & 1675 (Recit des voyages det des ecouvertes R. Père Jacques Marquette de la Compagnie de Jesus, en l’année 1673 et aux Suivantes; la continuation de ses voyages par le R. P. Claude Alloüez, le journal autographe du P. Marquette en 1674 & 1675). Albany: Weed, Parsons & Cie.
Marr, D. (1982). Vision. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Marshall, L. (1969). The medicine dance of the !Kung Bushmen. Africa, 39, 347-381.
Mayor, A., & Sarjeant, W. A. S. (2001). The folklore of footprints in stone: From classical antiquity to the present. Ichnos, 8(2), 143-163.
Meurger, M., & Gagnon, C. (1988). Lake monster traditions: A cross-cultural analysis. London: Fortean Times.
Miller, G. H., Magee, J. W., Johnson, B. J., Fogel, M. L., Spooner, N. A., McCulloch, M. T., & Ayliffe, L. K. (1999). Pleistocene extinction of Genyornis newtoni: Human impact on Australian megafauna. Science, 283(5399), 205-208.
Mithen, S. (Ed.). (1998). Creativity in human evolution and prehistory. New York: Routledge.
Mountford, C. P. (1928). Aboriginal rock carvings in South Australia. Proceedings of Section F, Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science (pp. 337-366). Hobart: Government Printer.
Mountford, C. P. (1929). A unique example of Aboriginal rock engraving at Panaramitee North. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 53, 243-248.
Mountford, C. P., & Edwards, R. (1962). Aboriginal rock engravings of extinct creatures in South Australia. Man, 62(174), 97-99.
Mountford, C. P., & Edwards, R. (1963). Rock engravings of Panaramitee Station, South Australia. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 86, 131-146.
Murray, P. F., & Chaloupka, G. (1984). The Dreamtime animals: Extinct megafauna in Arnhem Land rock art. Archaeology in Oceania, 19(3), 105-116.
Nelson, V. (2011). Dire dragons. Red Deer, Alberta: Untold Secrets of Planet Earth Publishing Company.
Niermann, D. L. (1994). Dinosaurs and dragons. Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 8(1), 85-104.
Noll, R. (1983). Shamanism and schizophrenia: A state-specific approach to the “schizophrenia metaphor” of shamanic states. American Ethnologist, 10(3), 443-459.
Oesterreich, T. K. (1935). Obsession and possession by spirits both good and evil (D. Ibberson, Trans.). Chicago: De Laurence.
Okladnikov, A. P. (1959). Shishkinsie Pisanitsi. Irkutsk: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka”.
Okladnikov, A. P. (1977). Petroglify Verkhnei Leny. Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka”.
Okladnikov, A. P., & Saporoshskaya, W. D. (1959). Lenskije Pissanizy. Moscow and Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Academii Nauk SSSR.
Oliva, M. (1989). Upper Paleolithic finds from Mladeč Cave (Mladopaleolitické nálezy z Mladečskych jeskyní). Acta Musei Moraviae, 74, 35-54.
Orpen, J. M. (1874). A glimpse into the mythology of the Maluti Bushmen. Cape Monthly Magazine, 9, 1-13.
Peled, A., Pressman, A., Geva, A. B., & Modai, I. (2003). Somatosensory evoked potentials during a rubber-hand illusion in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 64(2-3), 157-163.
Peters, L. G., & Price-Williams, D. (1980). Towards an experiental analysis of shamanism. American Ethnologist, 7, 398-418.
Polimeni, J., & Reiss, J. P. (2002). How shamanism and group selection may reveal the origins of schizophrenia. Medical Hypotheses, 58(3), 244-248.
Porr, M., & Alt, K. W. (2006). The burial of bad Dürrenberg, central Germany: Osteopathology and osteoarchaeology of a late Mesolithic shaman’s grave. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 16, 395-406.
Prins, F. E. (1990). Southern-Bushman descendants in the Transkei—Rock art and rainmaking. South African Journal of Ethnology, 13(3), 110-116.
Purdy, B. A., Jones, K. S., Mecholsky, J. J., Bourne, G., Hurlbert, Jr. R. C., MacFadden, B. J.,… Speakman, R. J. (2011). Earliest art in the Americas: Incised image of a proboscidean on a mineralized extinct animal bone from Vero Beach, Florida. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(11), 2908-2913.
Radin, P. (1937). Primitive religion. New York: Viking.
Read, M. C., & Whittlesey, C. (1877). Antiquities of Ohio. Columbus, O.H.: Nevins and Myers.
Rouget, G. (1980). Music and trance (La musique et la transe). Paris: Gallimard.
Senter, P. (2012). More “dinosaur” and “pterosaur” rock art that isn’t. Palaeontologia Electronica, 15(2), 22A, 14p.
Senter, P., & Cole, S. J. (2011). “Dinosaur” petroglyphs at Kachina Bridge site, Natural Bridges National Monument, southeastern Utah: Not dinosaurs after all. Palaeontologia Electronica, 14(1), 2A, 5p.
Silverman, J. (1967). Shamans and acute schizophrenia. American Anthropologist, 69(1), 21-31.
Smail, L. M. (2007). On deep history and the brain. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Sohn, P.-K. (1981). Inception of art mobilier in the Middle Palaeolithic period at Chommal Cave, Korea. Resumenes de Comunicaciones, Paleolítico Medio (pp. 31-32). Xth UISPP Congress, Mexico City.
Solomon, A. (1999). Meanings, models and minds: A reply to Lewis-Williams. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 54, 51-60.
Solomon, A. (2000). On different approaches to San rock art. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 55, 77-78.
Spikins, P. (2009). Autism, the integrations of “difference” and the origins of modern human behaviour. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 19(2), 179-201.
Svoboda, J. A., van der Plicht, H., & Balák, I. (2005). Bycí Skála Cave, Czech Republic: Radiocarbon dates of rock paintings. International Newsletter on Rock Art, 43, 7-9.
Swauger, J. L. (1974). The Barnesville Track Rocks Petroglyph Site, 33BL2. Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 44(4), 29-41.
Swift, D. L. (1997). Messages on stone: Ancient rock art challenges evolutionary theory. Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 18(2), 20-23.
TANG, H. S. (1993). Theory and methods in Chinese rock art studies. Rock Art Research, 10, 83-90.
Taylor, J. (1999). Fossil facts and fantasies. Crosbyton, T.X.: Mt. Blanco Publishing Group.
Taylor, P. S. (1987). The great dinosaur mystery and the Bible. Colorado Springs: Chariot Victor Publishing.
Thakkar, K. N., Nichols, H. S., McIntosh, L. G., & Park, S. (2011). Disturbances in body ownership in schizophrenia: Evidence from the rubber hand illusion and case study of a spontaneous out-of-body experience. PLoS ONE, 6(10).
Thompson, B. (1993). Where have all the mammoths gone? Patina, 2, 1-23.
Tindale, N. B. (1951). Comments on supposed representations of giant bird tracks at Pimba. Records of the South Australian Museum, 9(4), 381-382.
Treffert, D. (2010). Islands of genius: The bountiful mind of the autistic, acquired, and sudden savant. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Trezise, P. (1993). Dream road: A journey of discovery. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
Tuohy, D. R. (1969). A “wounded elephant” and three other petroglpyhs in northern Washoe County, Nevada. Nevada Archaeological Survey Reporter, 3(1), 9-12.
WANG, N. S. (1984). An introduction to rock paintings in Yunnan Province (People’s Republic of China). Rock Art Research, 1, 75-90.
Ward, J. W. (1872). Sculptured rocks, Belmont County, Ohio. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of New York, 1, 57-66.
Warner, J. S., & Warner, J. E. (1995). Some unique horizontal sunrise and sunset markers in Black Dragon Canyon. Utah Rock Art, 4, 92-101.
Watchman, A. (1995). Recent petroglyphs, Foz Côa, Portugal. Rock Art Research, 12(2), 104-108.
Watchman, A. (1996). A review of the theory and assumptions in the AMS dating of the Foz Côa petro¬glyphs, Portugal. Rock Art Research, 13(1), 21-30.
Weakland, J. H. (1968). Shamanism, schizophrenia and scientific unity. American Anthropologist, 70, 356.
Whitley, D. S. (1996). Recent advances in petroglyph dating and their implications for the pre-Clovis occupation of North America. Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology, 9, 92-103.
Whitley, D. S. (1999). A possible Pleistocene camelid petroglyph from the Mojave Desert, California. San Bernardino County Museum Association, 46(3), 107-108.
Whitley, D. S. (2009). Cave paintings and the human spirit: The origin of creativity and belief. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.
YOU, Y. Z. (1984). Preliminary study of a Palaeolithic bone engraving. Kexue Tongbao, 29, 80-82.
Zilhão, J. (1995). The age of the Côa valley (Portugal) rock-art: Validation of archaeological dating to the Palaeolithic and refutation of “scientific” dating to historic or proto-historic times. Antiquity, 69, 883-901.
Zilhão, J., Aubry, T., Carvalho, A. F., Baptista, A. M., Gomes, M. V., & Meireles, J. (1997). The rock art of the Côa valley (Portugal) and its archaeological context: First results of current research. Journal of European Archaeology, 5, 7-49.
Akerman, K. (2009). Interaction between humans and megafauna depicted in Australian rock art?. Antiquity, 83(322). Retrieved from http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/akerman322/
Akerman, K., & Willing, T. (2009). An ancient rock painting of a marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex, from the Kimberley, Western Australia. Antiquity, 83(319). Retrieved from http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/akerman319/
Alcock, J. E. (1981). Parapsychology: Science or magic? A psychological perspective. Oxford and New York: Pergamon.
Alcock, J., Carment, D. W., & Sadava, S. W. (2005). A textbook of social psychology (6th ed.). Ontario: Pearson Education Canada.
Anati, E. (1968). Rock art in central Arabia, 2; Museum Library (Bibliothèque du Muséon), 50. Louvain, Belgium: Institut Orientaliste Bibliothèque de l’Universite.
Armstrong, P. A. (1887). The Piasa, or the devil among the Indians. Morris, I.L.: E. B. Fletcher.
Bahn, P. G. (1995a). Cave art without the caves. Antiquity, 69, 231-237.
Bahn, P. G. (1995b). Outdoor creations of the Ice Age. Archaeology ,37.
Barnes, F. A., & Pendleton, M. (1979). Canyon country prehistoric Indians: Their cultures, ruins, artifacts, and rock art. Salt Lake City, U.T.: Wasatch.
Basedow, H. (1904). Anthropological notes made on the south Australia government north-west prospecting expedition, 1903. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 28(3), 12-51.
Basedow, H. (1907). Rock engravings of high ages in central Australia (Felsgravierungen hohen Alters in Zentral-Australien). Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 39, 707-717.
Basedow, H. (1914). Aboriginal rock carvings of great antiquity in South Australia. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 44, 195-211.
Bednarik, R. G. (1993). Pleistocene animal depiction in Asia. International Newsletter on Rock Art, 6, 2-6.
Bednarik, R. G. (1995). The Côa petroglyphs: An obituary to the stylistic dating of Palaeolithic rock art. Antiquity, 69, 877-883.
Bednarik, R. G. (1998). The technology of petroglyphs. Rock Art Research, 15, 23-35.
Bednarik, R. G. (2002). Paleolithic rock art in Germany? (Paläolithische Felskunst in Deutschland?). Archaeologische Informationen, 25, 107-117.
Bednarik, R. G. (2006). The cave art of Mladeč Cave, Czech Republic. Rock Art Research, 23, 207-216.
Bednarik, R. G. (2007). Rock art science: The scientific study of palaeoart. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
Bednarik, R. G. (2009a). Fluvial erosion of inscriptions and petroglyphs at Siega Verde, Spain. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(10), 2365-2373.
Bednarik, R. G. (2009b). To be or not to be Palaeolithic, that is the question. Rock Art Research, 26(2), 165-177.
Bednarik, R. G. (2011). The human condition. New York: Springer.
Bednarik, R. G. (2012). An aetiology of hominin behaviour. HOMO—Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 63, 319-335.
Bednarik, R. G. (2013a). The origins of modern human behavior. In R. G. Bednarik (Ed.), The psychology of human behaviour. New York: Nova Press.
Bednarik, R. G. (2013b). Megafauna depictions in Australian rock art. Rock Art Research, 30(2), 197-215.
Bednarik, R. G. (2013c). Proboscidean petroglyphs in the USA. International Newsletter on Rock Art (in press).
Bednarik, R. G. (2013d). Brain disorder and rock art. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 23(1), 69-81.
Bednarik, R. G., & Devlet, K. (1992). Rock art conservation in Siberia. Purakala, 3(1-2), 3-11.
Bednarik, R. G., & Helvenston, P. A. (2012). The nexus between neurodegeneration and advanced cognitive abilities. Anthropos, 107(2), 511-527.
Bednarik, R. G., & Khan, M. (2002). The Saudi Arabian rock art mission of November 2001. Atlal, 17, 75-99.
Bednarik, R. G., & Khan, M. (2005). Scientific studies of Saudi Arabian rock art. Rock Art Research, 22, 49-81.
Bednarik, R. G., & Khan, M. (2009). The rock art of southern Arabia reconsidered. Adumatu Journal, 20, 7-20.
Bednarik, R. G., & Li, F. (1991). Rock art dating in China: Past and future. The Artefact, 14, 25-33.
Beierle, F. P. (1980). Man, dinosaur, and history. Prosser, W.A.: Perfect Printing.
Berndt, R. M. (1987). Panaramitee magic. Records of the South Australian Museum, 20, 15-28.
Birkner, F. (1938). The first Older Stone Age rock drawings in Gernany (Die erste altsteinzeitliche Felszeichnung in Deutschland). Bayerisches Vorgeschichtsblatt, 15, 59-64.
Bleek, D. F. (1933). Beliefs and customs of the/Xam Bushmen (Part VI: Rain-making). Bantu Studies, 7,375-392.
Bleek, D. F. (1935). Beliefs and customs of the/Xam Bushmen (Part VII: Sorcerers). Bantu Studies, 9, 1-47.
Bleek, D. F. (1936). Beliefs and customs of the/Xam Bushmen (Part VIII: More about sorcerers and charms). Bantu Studies, 10, 131-162.
Bogdashina, O. (2010). Autism and the edges of the known world: Sensitivities, language and constructed reality. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Bohmers, A. (1939). The rock drawing in the Kastlhänghöhle (Die Felszeichnung in der Kastlhänghöhle). Germania, 7 (1), 39-40.
Bosinski, G. (1982). The Ice Age art of Germany and Switzerland (Die Kunst der Eiszeit in Deutschland und in der Schweiz). Kataloge Vor- und Frühgeschichtlicher Altertümer, 20.
Boyer, L. B. (1969). Shamans: To set the record straight. American Anthropologist, 71, 307-309.
Butt, L., & Lyons, E. (2004). Dinosaurs unleashed. Montgomery: Apologetics Press.
Cartailhac, E. (1902). The caves decorated with drawings Altamira Cave, Spain: “Mea culpa of a skeptic” (Les cavernes ornées de dessins: La grotte d’Altamira, Espagne: “Mea culpa d’un sceptique”). L’Anthropologie, 13, 348-354.
CHEN, Z. F. (1991). History of the discovery of Chinese rock art. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House (in Chinese).
Clewlow, C. W. Jr., & Uchitel, S. K. (2005). Paleoindian rock art? The yellow rock canyon petroglyh. In B. D. Dillan & M. A. Boxt (Eds.), Archaeology without limits (pp. 35-44). (Papers in honor of Clement W. Meighan). Lancaster, C.A.: Labyrinthos.
Conard, N. J., & Uerpmann, H.-P. (2000). New evidence for paleolithic rock painting in central Europe. Current Anthropology, 41, 853-856.
Consens, M. (1988). Comment on J. D. Lewis-Williams & T. A. Dowson, “The signs of all times: Entoptic phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic art”. Current Anthropology, 29, 221-222.
De Heusch, L. (1965). Possession and shamanism: Structural analysis of test: Traditional African religions (International Meeting Bouaké) (Possession et chamanisme. Essai d’analyse structural. Les religions africaines traditionnelles (Rencontres internationales de Bouaké)) (pp. 139-170). Paris: Seuil.
Devereux, G. (1961). Shamans as neurotics. American Anthropologist, 63, 1088-1090.
Dewdney, S., & Kidd, E. (1967). Indian rock paintings of the Great Lakes. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Bush, V., Schuierer, G., Bogdahn, U., & May, A. (2004). Changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature, 427(6972), 311-312.
Eliade, M. (1964). Shamanism: Archaic techniques of ecstasy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Ellenberger, P., Mossman, D. J., Mossman, A. D., & Lockley, M. G. (2005). Bushman cave paintings of ornithopod dinosaurs: Paleolithic trackers interpret Early Jurassic footprints. Ichnos, 12(3), 223-226.
El-Mallakha, R. S. (2006). Schizophrenia and the origins of shamanism among the Kwakiutl maritime cultures of northwest North America: A hypothesis. Schizophrenia Research, 86, 329-330.
Faith, J. T., & Surovell, T. A. (2009). Synchronous extinction of North America’s Pleistocene mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106, 20641-20645.
Francfort, H. P., Hamayon, R. N., & Bahn, P. (Eds.). (2001). The concept of shamanism, uses and abuses (Vol. 10). Budapest: Bibliotheca Shamanistica, Akadémiai Kiadó.
Freund, G. (1957). The Aurignacian art of central Europe (L‘art aurignacien en Europe central). Bulletin de Société Préhistorique de Ariège, 12, 55-78.
GAI, S. (1986). Petroglyphs in the Yinshan Mountains. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House.
Gibbons, W. J., & Hovind, K. (1999). Claws, jaws, and dinosaurs. Pensacola: CSE Publications.
Gillam, M. L., & Wakeley, L. D. (2013). Are Utah’s Sand Island “mammoths” Late Pleistocene? A geologic view. Paper presented in IFRAO-ARARA International Rock Art Conference, Albuquerque, N.M..
Gillespie, R. (2004). First and last: Dating people and extinct animals in Australia. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1(1), 97-101.
Gould, L. M. (1935). The Moab mastodon pictograph. The Scientific Monthly, XLI, 378-379.
Griffin, J. B., Meltzer, D. J., Smith, B. D., & Sturtevant, W. C. (1988). A mammoth fraud in science. American Antiquity, 53, 578-582.
Gunn, R. G., Douglas, L. C., & Whear, R. L. (2011). What bird is that? Identifying a probable painting of Genyornis newtoni in western Arnhem Land. Australian Archaeology, 73, 1-12.
Hahn, J. (1988). The Geißenklösterle 1 (Das Geißenklösterle 1). Research and Reports in Pre and Protohistory of Baden-Württemberg (Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg), 26.
Hahn, J. (1991). Cave art from the Hohlen Fels near Schelklingen, Alb-Donau-Kreis (Höhlenkunst aus dem Hohlen Fels bei Schelklingen, Alb-Donau-Kreis). Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg, 1991, 19-22.
Hamayon, R. (1982). Shamans and shamanism (Des chamanes au chamanisme). L’Ethnographie, 78(2-3),13-48.
Hamayon, R. (1990). The hunt for the soul: Outline of a theory of Siberian shamanism (La chasse à l’âme: Esquisse d’une théorie du chamanisme sibérien). Paris: Société d’Ethnologie, Mémoire 1.
Hamayon, R. (1995). Siberian shamanism: Reflections on a medium (Le chamanisme sibérien: réflexions sur un medium). La Recherche, 275, 416-422.
Handelman, D. (1968). Shamanizing on an empty stomach. American Anthropologist, 70, 353-356.
Hansen, B. S. (1997). From Hell to Inferno. Rock Art Research, 14(1), 51-53.
Haskovec, I. P., & Sullivan, H. (1986). Najambolmi: The life and work of and Aboriginal artist (Unpublished report to Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra).
Haworth, K. (2006). Upper Paleolithic art, autism, and cognitive style: Implications for the evolution of language. Semiotica, 162, 127-174.
Helvenston, P. A. (2012). Deciphering ancient minds: The mystery of San Bushman rock art. A critical book review. Rock Art Research, 29(2), 247-256.
Helvenston, P. A. (2013). Differences between oral and literate cultures: What we know about Upper Paleolithic minds. In R. G. Bednarik (Ed.), The psychology of human behaviour (pp. 59-110). New York: Nova Press.
Helvenston, P. A., & Bednarik, R. G. (2011). Evolutionary origins of brain disorders in Homo sapiens sapiens. Brain Research Journal, 3(2), 113-139.
How, M. W. (1962). The mountain Bushmen of Basutoland. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Hromnik, C. A. (1991). A testament to the shamanistic hallucinatory trance theory of the southern African rock art. Rock Art Research, 8, 99-108.
Hubbard, S. (1927). Discoveries relating to prehistoric man by the Doheny scientific expedition in the Hava Supai Canyon, northern Arizona, with supplement. Oakland, C.A.: Oakland Museum.
Hultkrantz, A. (1993). Introductory remarks on the study of shamanism. Shaman, 1(1), 3-14.
Humphrey, N. (1998). Cave art, autism, and the evolution of the human mind. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 8(2), 165-191.
Isaacs, D. (2010). Dragons or dinosaurs? Creation or evolution?. Alachua, F.L.: Bridge-Logos.
Jolly, P. (1986). A first generation descendant of the Transkei San. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 41, 6-9.
Kaldenberg, R. L. (2005). Possible proboscidean petroglyph found at China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station. Current Research in the Pleistocene, 22, 51-53.
Katz, R. (1976). Educating for transcendence. !Kia-healing with the Kalahari !Kung. In R. B. Lee & I. DeVore (Eds.), Kalahari hunter-gatherers: Studies of the !Kung San and their neighbors (pp. 281-301). Boston: Harvard University Press.
Katz, R. (1982). Boiling energy: Community healing among the Kalahari !Kung. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Katz, R., & M. Biesele (1986). !Kung healing: The symbolism of sex roles and culture change. In M. Biesele, R. Gordon, & R. Lee (Eds.), The past and present of !Kung ethnography: Critical reflections and symbolic perspectives (pp. 195-230) (Essays in honour of Lorna Marshall). Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
Kellman, J. (1998). Ice age art, autism and vision: How we see/how we draw. Studies in Art Education, 39(2), 117-131.
Kellman, J. (1999). Drawing with Peter: Autobiography, narrative, and the art of a child with autism. Studies in Art Education, 40(3), 258-274.
Kohl, H., & Burgstaller, E. (1992). Ice Age in Upper-Austria: Paleolithic rock pictures. Spital am Pyhrn (Eiszeit in Oberösterreich: Paläolithikum-Felsbilder. Spital am Pyhrn). Austria: Österreichisches Felsbildermuseum.
Kraft, J. C., & Thomas, R. A. (1976). Early man at Holly Oak, Delawere. Science, 192, 756-761.
Layton, T. N. (1976). Stalking elephants in Nevada. Western States Folklore Society, 35(4), 250-257.
Le Quellec, J.-L. (2006). The sense in question: Some Saharan examples. Rock Art Research, 23, 165-170.
Lee, R. B. (1967). Trance cure of the !Kung Bushmen. Natural History, 76(9), 31-37.
Leonard, D. M. A., & Brugger, P. (1998). Creative, paranormal, and delusional thought: A consequence of right hemisphere semantic activation?. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 11(4), 177-183.
Lewis-Williams, J. D. (1986). The last testament of the Southern San. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 41, 10-11.
Lewis-Williams, J. D. (2002). The mind in the cave: Consciousness and the origins of art. London and New York: Thames & Hudson.
Lewis-Williams, J. D., & Dowson, T. A. (1988). The signs of all times: Entoptic phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic art. Current Anthropology, 29, 201-245.
Lex, B. W. (1984). The context of schizophrenia and shamanism. American Ethnologist, 11(1), 191-192.
LI, F. S. (1992). A survey on the methods of dating rock art in China. International Newsletter on Rock Art, 2, 15-20.
LIU, Y. Q. (1991). New discovery and historical division of the petroglyphs in Helan Mountains. Paper presented in the International Conference of Rock Art Study, Yinchuan, China.
Loeb, E. M. (1924). The shaman of Niue. American Anthropologist, 26, 393-402.
Lyons, E., & Butt, L. (2008). The dinosaur delusion. Montgomery: Apologetics Press.
Macintosh, N. W. G. (1952). Paintings in Beswick Cave, Northern Territory. Oceania, 22(4), 256-274.
Macintosh, N. W. G. (1977). Beswick Creek Cave two decades later: A reappraisal. In P. J. Ucko (Ed.), Form in indigenous art: Schematization in the art of aboriginal Australia and prehistoric Europe (pp. 191-197). Prehistory and Material Culture Series, 13.
Mackal, R. P. (1987). A living dinosaur? In search of Mokele-Mbembe. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Maguire, E. A., Gadian, D. G., Johnsrude, I. S., Good, C. D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97(8), 4398-4403.
Malafouris, L. (2008). Beads for a plastic mind: The “blind man stick” (BMS) hypothesis and the active nature of material culture. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 18(3), 401-414.
Malotki, E., & Wallace, H. D. (2011). Columbian mammoth petroglyphs from the San Juan River near Bluff, Utah, United States. Rock Art Research, 28(2), 143-152.
Malotki, E., & Weaver, D. E. (2002). Stone chisel and yucca brush: Colorado Plateau rock art. Walnut, C.A.: Kiva Publishing.
Marquette, J. (1855). Narrative of travel and discoveries of Father Jacques Marquette of the Society of Jesus in 1673 and the next year, the continuation of his travels by R. P. Claude Allouez, the autograph log P. Marquette in 1674 & 1675 (Recit des voyages det des ecouvertes R. Père Jacques Marquette de la Compagnie de Jesus, en l’année 1673 et aux Suivantes; la continuation de ses voyages par le R. P. Claude Alloüez, le journal autographe du P. Marquette en 1674 & 1675). Albany: Weed, Parsons & Cie.
Marr, D. (1982). Vision. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Marshall, L. (1969). The medicine dance of the !Kung Bushmen. Africa, 39, 347-381.
Mayor, A., & Sarjeant, W. A. S. (2001). The folklore of footprints in stone: From classical antiquity to the present. Ichnos, 8(2), 143-163.
Meurger, M., & Gagnon, C. (1988). Lake monster traditions: A cross-cultural analysis. London: Fortean Times.
Miller, G. H., Magee, J. W., Johnson, B. J., Fogel, M. L., Spooner, N. A., McCulloch, M. T., & Ayliffe, L. K. (1999). Pleistocene extinction of Genyornis newtoni: Human impact on Australian megafauna. Science, 283(5399), 205-208.
Mithen, S. (Ed.). (1998). Creativity in human evolution and prehistory. New York: Routledge.
Mountford, C. P. (1928). Aboriginal rock carvings in South Australia. Proceedings of Section F, Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science (pp. 337-366). Hobart: Government Printer.
Mountford, C. P. (1929). A unique example of Aboriginal rock engraving at Panaramitee North. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 53, 243-248.
Mountford, C. P., & Edwards, R. (1962). Aboriginal rock engravings of extinct creatures in South Australia. Man, 62(174), 97-99.
Mountford, C. P., & Edwards, R. (1963). Rock engravings of Panaramitee Station, South Australia. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 86, 131-146.
Murray, P. F., & Chaloupka, G. (1984). The Dreamtime animals: Extinct megafauna in Arnhem Land rock art. Archaeology in Oceania, 19(3), 105-116.
Nelson, V. (2011). Dire dragons. Red Deer, Alberta: Untold Secrets of Planet Earth Publishing Company.
Niermann, D. L. (1994). Dinosaurs and dragons. Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 8(1), 85-104.
Noll, R. (1983). Shamanism and schizophrenia: A state-specific approach to the “schizophrenia metaphor” of shamanic states. American Ethnologist, 10(3), 443-459.
Oesterreich, T. K. (1935). Obsession and possession by spirits both good and evil (D. Ibberson, Trans.). Chicago: De Laurence.
Okladnikov, A. P. (1959). Shishkinsie Pisanitsi. Irkutsk: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka”.
Okladnikov, A. P. (1977). Petroglify Verkhnei Leny. Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka”.
Okladnikov, A. P., & Saporoshskaya, W. D. (1959). Lenskije Pissanizy. Moscow and Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Academii Nauk SSSR.
Oliva, M. (1989). Upper Paleolithic finds from Mladeč Cave (Mladopaleolitické nálezy z Mladečskych jeskyní). Acta Musei Moraviae, 74, 35-54.
Orpen, J. M. (1874). A glimpse into the mythology of the Maluti Bushmen. Cape Monthly Magazine, 9, 1-13.
Peled, A., Pressman, A., Geva, A. B., & Modai, I. (2003). Somatosensory evoked potentials during a rubber-hand illusion in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 64(2-3), 157-163.
Peters, L. G., & Price-Williams, D. (1980). Towards an experiental analysis of shamanism. American Ethnologist, 7, 398-418.
Polimeni, J., & Reiss, J. P. (2002). How shamanism and group selection may reveal the origins of schizophrenia. Medical Hypotheses, 58(3), 244-248.
Porr, M., & Alt, K. W. (2006). The burial of bad Dürrenberg, central Germany: Osteopathology and osteoarchaeology of a late Mesolithic shaman’s grave. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 16, 395-406.
Prins, F. E. (1990). Southern-Bushman descendants in the Transkei—Rock art and rainmaking. South African Journal of Ethnology, 13(3), 110-116.
Purdy, B. A., Jones, K. S., Mecholsky, J. J., Bourne, G., Hurlbert, Jr. R. C., MacFadden, B. J.,… Speakman, R. J. (2011). Earliest art in the Americas: Incised image of a proboscidean on a mineralized extinct animal bone from Vero Beach, Florida. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(11), 2908-2913.
Radin, P. (1937). Primitive religion. New York: Viking.
Read, M. C., & Whittlesey, C. (1877). Antiquities of Ohio. Columbus, O.H.: Nevins and Myers.
Rouget, G. (1980). Music and trance (La musique et la transe). Paris: Gallimard.
Senter, P. (2012). More “dinosaur” and “pterosaur” rock art that isn’t. Palaeontologia Electronica, 15(2), 22A, 14p.
Senter, P., & Cole, S. J. (2011). “Dinosaur” petroglyphs at Kachina Bridge site, Natural Bridges National Monument, southeastern Utah: Not dinosaurs after all. Palaeontologia Electronica, 14(1), 2A, 5p.
Silverman, J. (1967). Shamans and acute schizophrenia. American Anthropologist, 69(1), 21-31.
Smail, L. M. (2007). On deep history and the brain. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Sohn, P.-K. (1981). Inception of art mobilier in the Middle Palaeolithic period at Chommal Cave, Korea. Resumenes de Comunicaciones, Paleolítico Medio (pp. 31-32). Xth UISPP Congress, Mexico City.
Solomon, A. (1999). Meanings, models and minds: A reply to Lewis-Williams. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 54, 51-60.
Solomon, A. (2000). On different approaches to San rock art. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 55, 77-78.
Spikins, P. (2009). Autism, the integrations of “difference” and the origins of modern human behaviour. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 19(2), 179-201.
Svoboda, J. A., van der Plicht, H., & Balák, I. (2005). Bycí Skála Cave, Czech Republic: Radiocarbon dates of rock paintings. International Newsletter on Rock Art, 43, 7-9.
Swauger, J. L. (1974). The Barnesville Track Rocks Petroglyph Site, 33BL2. Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 44(4), 29-41.
Swift, D. L. (1997). Messages on stone: Ancient rock art challenges evolutionary theory. Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 18(2), 20-23.
TANG, H. S. (1993). Theory and methods in Chinese rock art studies. Rock Art Research, 10, 83-90.
Taylor, J. (1999). Fossil facts and fantasies. Crosbyton, T.X.: Mt. Blanco Publishing Group.
Taylor, P. S. (1987). The great dinosaur mystery and the Bible. Colorado Springs: Chariot Victor Publishing.
Thakkar, K. N., Nichols, H. S., McIntosh, L. G., & Park, S. (2011). Disturbances in body ownership in schizophrenia: Evidence from the rubber hand illusion and case study of a spontaneous out-of-body experience. PLoS ONE, 6(10).
Thompson, B. (1993). Where have all the mammoths gone? Patina, 2, 1-23.
Tindale, N. B. (1951). Comments on supposed representations of giant bird tracks at Pimba. Records of the South Australian Museum, 9(4), 381-382.
Treffert, D. (2010). Islands of genius: The bountiful mind of the autistic, acquired, and sudden savant. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Trezise, P. (1993). Dream road: A journey of discovery. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
Tuohy, D. R. (1969). A “wounded elephant” and three other petroglpyhs in northern Washoe County, Nevada. Nevada Archaeological Survey Reporter, 3(1), 9-12.
WANG, N. S. (1984). An introduction to rock paintings in Yunnan Province (People’s Republic of China). Rock Art Research, 1, 75-90.
Ward, J. W. (1872). Sculptured rocks, Belmont County, Ohio. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of New York, 1, 57-66.
Warner, J. S., & Warner, J. E. (1995). Some unique horizontal sunrise and sunset markers in Black Dragon Canyon. Utah Rock Art, 4, 92-101.
Watchman, A. (1995). Recent petroglyphs, Foz Côa, Portugal. Rock Art Research, 12(2), 104-108.
Watchman, A. (1996). A review of the theory and assumptions in the AMS dating of the Foz Côa petro¬glyphs, Portugal. Rock Art Research, 13(1), 21-30.
Weakland, J. H. (1968). Shamanism, schizophrenia and scientific unity. American Anthropologist, 70, 356.
Whitley, D. S. (1996). Recent advances in petroglyph dating and their implications for the pre-Clovis occupation of North America. Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology, 9, 92-103.
Whitley, D. S. (1999). A possible Pleistocene camelid petroglyph from the Mojave Desert, California. San Bernardino County Museum Association, 46(3), 107-108.
Whitley, D. S. (2009). Cave paintings and the human spirit: The origin of creativity and belief. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.
YOU, Y. Z. (1984). Preliminary study of a Palaeolithic bone engraving. Kexue Tongbao, 29, 80-82.
Zilhão, J. (1995). The age of the Côa valley (Portugal) rock-art: Validation of archaeological dating to the Palaeolithic and refutation of “scientific” dating to historic or proto-historic times. Antiquity, 69, 883-901.
Zilhão, J., Aubry, T., Carvalho, A. F., Baptista, A. M., Gomes, M. V., & Meireles, J. (1997). The rock art of the Côa valley (Portugal) and its archaeological context: First results of current research. Journal of European Archaeology, 5, 7-49.