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Affiliation(s)

University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

ABSTRACT

Through our research, we tried to ask the following substantive questions: Is the creation of an oil exchange that depends mainly on the euro in its commercial dealings, and a regional and international financial system for trade in local currencies between Turkey, Iran, Russia, China, and the European Union, which could contribute to stopping the continued deterioration of the Turkish lira and the Iranian riyal? Will the use of local currencies in trade be able to achieve positive benefits supporting both the Iranian economy and Turkey or the use of local currencies in the trade of these countries (Turkey and Iran) will be of benefit only to China, Russia, Iran, Ukraine, and other countries that have Iran and Turkey trade the largest with these countries alone? Will the reserves of some countries shift from the dollar to the euro, such as China, Russia, and other countries, and will this turn into a pressure card for political gains and the threat of using the euro as a difficult currency? Has the United States become blackmailed in this area? Therefore, the United States will not allow the European Union, China, Iran, or Turkey to establish a regional or international financial system to replace the sale of oil in euros instead of the dollar because in the new international balance, the United States will not fear Russia, China, or the European Union, which have close economic, technical, and political relations and interests with America. For the United States, these countries are not adversaries, but competitive trading partners. What brings them closer to the United States?

KEYWORDS

Turkey, Iran, Russia, China, international banking system, local currencies

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