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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
A Feminist Analysis of Protagonists’ Self-development in O Pioneers! and My Antonia
Author(s)
YANG Han-yu
Full-Text PDF
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2014.08.002
Affiliation(s)
Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on pioneer women’s development of the self from the perspective of feminism in O Pioneers! (1913) and My Antonia (1994). As rigid social connections and concepts restrict women’s autonomy and freedom, they must transform themselves and the world in order to survive. In order to analyze pioneer women’s process of self-growth in the special period, the author of this paper compares and contrasts the specific situation, and analyzes the characteristics of the protagonists in the above two novels. Through analysis, the authuor concludes that pioneer women always create a nurturing and gracious atmosphere in their household. Practically, these women successfully transmit the old civilization to the newly established homestead.
KEYWORDS
Willa Cather, feminism, pioneer women, self-development
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References
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Atwood, M. (1985). Handmaid’s tale. New York: Everyman’s Library.
Bennet, M. R. (1951). The world of Willa Cather. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press.
Blain, B., Clements, P., & Grundy, I. (Eds.). (1990). The feminist companion to literature in English: Women writers from the Middle Ages to the present. London: B. T. Batsford Limited.
Bloom, H. (Ed.). (1987). Willa Cather’s My Antonia. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
Brien, S. (1987). Willa Cather: The emerging voice. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brown, E. K. (1980). Willa Cather: A critical biography. New York: Avon Books.
Busby, M. (1989). The frontier experience and the American dream. Texas: A and M University Press.
Butler, O. (1979). Kindred. Boston: Beacon Press.
Cather, W. (1913). O Pioneers!. New York: Publishing History.
Cather, W. (1988). Willa Cather on writing: Critical studies on writing as an art. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Cather, W. (1994). My Antonia. New York: Publishing History.
Chodorow, N. J. (1989). Feminism and psychoanalytic theory. London: Yale University Press.
Curley, D. N. (1969). Modern American literature (Vol. I). New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company.
Curley, D. N. (1976). Modern American literature (Vol. IV supplement). New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company.
Eden, A. (1990). The secularization of American soace in the fiction of Willa Cather and Theodore Dreiser. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press.
Geismar, M. (1959). The last of the provincials:The American novel, 1915-1925 (on Willa Cather, Anderson, Fitzgerald). New York: Avon Books.
Helford, E. R. (2000). Fantasy girls: Gender in the new universe of science fiction and fantasy television. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
Kunitz, S. J. (1955). Twentieth century authors (1st Supplement). New York: The H. W. Wilson Company.
Le Guin, U. K. (1969). The left hand of darkness. New York: Ace Books.
Lee, H. (1991). Willa Cather: Double lives. New York: Vintage Books.
LI, G. Z. (2000). 20世纪美国文学导论 (Twentieth century American literature). Xi’an: Xi’an Jiaotong Universuty Press.
Mainiero, L. (Ed.). (1993). American women writers: A critical reference guide from colonial time to the present (Vol. 1). New York: Harper Perennial.
Miller, J. (1985). My Antonia: A frontier drama of time. New York: Chesea House Publishers.
Moynihan, R. (1990). So much to be done: Women settlers on the ranching frontier. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Reynold, G. (1996). Willa Cather in context; progress, race, empire. London: Macmillan Press ltd..
Reynold, G. (1999). Twentith-century American women’s fiction. London: St.Martin’s Press, InC..
Robinson, P. C. (1983). Willa: The life of Willa Cather. New Tork: Doubleday & Company, InC..
Rosowski, S. J. (Ed.). (1990). Cather studies (Vol. I). Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
Russ, J. (1970). The female man. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd..
Ryan, M. (1998). Womanhood in American: From colonial times to the present. New York: F. Watts.
Schroeter, J. (Ed.). (1967). Willa Cather And her critics. Ithaca and London: University of Nebraska Press.
Slote, B. (1967). The kingdom of art. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press.
Spencer, J. (1986). The rise of the woman novelist. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd..
Spender, D. (1986). Mothers of the novel. New York: Bantam.
Vinson, J. (Ed.). (1982). Twentieth-Century Western writers. Detroit: Gale Research Company.
Vinson, J., & Kirkpatric, D. L. (Eds.). (1980). 20th century American literature. London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press Ltd..
WANG, C. R. (1992). 现代美国小说史 (Modern American novel history). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). A vindication of the rights of woman. Charleston: Nabu Press.
Woodress, J. (1987). Willa Cather: A literary life. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
Woolf, V. (1929). A room of one’s own. London: Penguin Books Ltd..
YANG, R. J. (1999). 20世纪美国文学史 (Twentieth century American literary history). Qingdao: Qingdao Press.