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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Preparation and Characterization of Copper Borates as Lubricant Additives
Author(s)
Burcu Alp, Sevdiye Atakul Savrik and Devrim Balkose
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DOI:10.17265/2161-6221/2014.04.004
Affiliation(s)
Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Urla Izmir 35430, Turkey
ABSTRACT
The present study attempts the preparation of copper borate as a lubricating oil additive by the reaction of copper nitrate and borax solutions. Effects of borax/ copper ratio, surface active agent (Span 60), pH, temperature and mixing time on properties of the products were investigated. The obtained products were not pure form; therefore they were analyzed in detail. They were characterized by color measurement, X-ray diffraction, SEM, zeta sizer, ICP, EDX, TG, DSC, CHNS analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Mainly Cu2(OH)3NO3 with nitrate ions partially substituted with borate ions was obtained at pH 3.7. There were borate ions equivalent to 0.32 mols of Cu(BO)2 per mol of Cu2(OH)3NO3. The borate ions should have replaced partially the nitrate ions in Cu2(OH)3NO3 without changing its crystal structure. On the other hand, Cu (BO2)1.5(OH)0.74·(H2O)0.15 was produced at pH 10.2. It also contained 0.11 mol NO3 - per mol. By mixing of dilute solutions at pH 8.2 and drying at room temperature nanoparticles of Cu(BO2)1.5(H2O)6 having 0.05
NO3 - per mol was obtained. The precipitates obtained at pH 10.1 and 8.2 were tested as lubricant additives. When they were added to lubricating oil with Span 60, the friction coefficient was reduced 28 % and 65 % for the precipitates prepared at pH 10.1 and 8.2, respectively.
KEYWORDS
Copper borate, copper hydroxyl nitrate, lubricant additive, characterization.
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